Genetic Predisposition to Persistent Apical Periodontitis

Abstract

Introduction The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 is a key regulator of host responses to microbial infection and a major modulator of extracellular matrix catabolism and bone resorption. Allele2 of IL-1b is associated with a four-fold increase in IL-1β production. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the gene polymorphism of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of endodontic failure. We hypothesized that the gene polymorphism (allele2 of IL-1β) would influence host response and enhance inflammatory reactions predisposing to persistent apical periodontitis (PAP). Materials and Methods Subjects with at least 1 year of follow-up after root canal therapy (RCT) were recalled. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and 34 subjects with signs/symptoms of PAP with otherwise acceptable RCT were included. Sixty-one controls showed healing with acceptable RCT. Genomic DNA from buccal mucosa was amplified by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism to distinguish the alleles of IL-1β gene polymorphism. Results A significant difference in the distribution of the polymorphic genotype among cases (70.6%) and controls (24.6%) (P < .001, Pearson χ2) was shown. Conclusions These findings suggest that specific genetic markers associated with increased IL-1β production may contribute to increased susceptibility to PAP.

Phenotype and Genotype of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated form Root Canal and Saliva of Primary Endodontic Patients

“…22 This difference might be caused by individual variation or unique environment triggering endodontic infections among populations. 41,42 Similar to this study, Bachtiar and coworkers did not explain whether the E. faecalis had Cps 2 reported were isolates with positive or negative Cps phenotypes. According to Gaspar et al, E. faecalis had Cps 2 genotype consisted of 2 phenotypes, namely Cps positive and Cps negative.…”

T-Lymphocyte and Cytokine Expression in Human Inflammatory Periapical Lesions

“…The increased production of IL-1b has been detected in periapical lesions (6,18), although some researchers have noticed the levels of this cytokine were not statistically different between diseased teeth and healthy control teeth (11,19). In this study when bacterial load of the infected root canal was diminished at day 7, the levels of mRNA expression of IFN-g, IL-1b, and RANKL were significantly decreased (P < .05), whereas the levels of TNF-a and IL-17A mRNA expression were maintained.…”

Association Between Apical Periodontitis and TNF-α -308 G>A Gene Polymorphism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Host risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, socioeconomic factors, certain systemic diseases and genetic profile are being studied (12)(13)(14). In this way, several investigations have focused on the identification of SNPs involved with the host response and its ability to generate a deficient immune system (12,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Some of these investigations have focused on the TNF-α -308 G>A polymorphism and its association with AP.…”