Genetic Polymorphisms of NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) in Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Background: The existing data show that inflammasomes play a role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. However, their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and coronary heart disease remains unclear. This study had the objective of assessing NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) gene polymorphisms in dental plaque and blood of generalized chronic periodontitis (CP) patients in the presence and absence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 70 subjects were divided into two groups, including CP and CP + CHD subjects. Demographic variables, periodontal, and cardiac parameters were recorded from both groups. Subgingival plaque and blood samples were obtained from both groups and were subjected to further molecular analysis for NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) expression and allele change using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing (Sanger’s method). Results: Amongst the demographic variables, age, and monthly income were statistically significant between the two groups. Plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) exhibited statistically significant levels between the two groups. NLRP3 (rs4612666) and CARD8 (rs2043211) genes showed a statistically significant association of allele change (frequency) among the groups. In general, when all of the parameters were compared to the allele change of the genes, statistically significant relationships were found between the two groups. Conclusions: The present study expressed an allele change of the investigated genes which could profoundly affect the pathobiology of the two diseases under investigation.

The Expression of Allele Changes in NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) Gene Polymorphisms in Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease

“…The GP+CHD group showed a higher odds ratio compared to the GP group alone. This is in accordance with the previous study by Mahendra J et al who also demonstrated the significant change in NLRP3 (rs4612666) in cardiac patients with generalized periodontitis compared to non-cardiacs [ 31 ]. The rise in NLRP3 (rs35829419) polymorphism suggests that it recognizes the bacteria indirectly by monitoring the host-derived DAMP levels that are the product of tissue or cell injury caused by bacterial toxins [ 18 ].…”

Inflammasome genetic variants are associated with tuberculosis, HIV-1 infection, and TB/HIV-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome outcomes

“…The NLPR3 rs4612666 polymorphism has already been associated with rheumatoid arthritis ( Cheng et al., 2021 ) and cardiovascular diseases ( Mahendra et al., 2021 ). The IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction ( Fang et al., 2018 ), an aggressive phenotype of breast cancer ( Wang and Yuan, 2022 ), and is a predictive factor for a severe course of chronic periodontitis ( Brodzikowska et al., 2019 ).…”