The Expression of Allele Changes in NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) Gene Polymorphisms in Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Background: Inflammasomes have been shown to play a pivotal role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. However, their role in periodontitis subjects with coronary heart disease remains unclear. This study aimed to obtain the expression of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms in the subgingival plaque and blood samples of generalized periodontitis (GP) subjects with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 70 subjects were grouped into two; GP and GP with CHD. Demographic variables and periodontal and cardiac parameters were recorded from both the groups. Subgingival plaque and blood samples were obtained from both the groups and were further subjected to the identification of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) expression and allele change using a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing (Sanger’s method). Results: Amongst the demographic variables, age and monthly income were statistically significant between the two groups. Plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) exhibited statistically significant levels between the two groups. The NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) genes showed a statistically significant association with allele change (frequency) among the groups. The general comparison of all the parameters with the allele change of NLRP3 (rs35829419) and IL-1β (+3954) in the subgingival plaque and blood samples showed statistically significant associations among the two groups. Conclusion: The present study highlighted an allele change in IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and coronary heart disease.

Assessment of NLRP3 Gene Polymorphisms with Periodontitis as Compared with Healthy Periodontium in Iraqi Arabs Patients

“…Polymorphism of NLRP3 is one of the most studied SNPs of all the inflammasomes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases; NLRP3 has been implicated as having a key role in the pathogenesis of several diseases in the general population, including obesity, DM, rheumatoid arthritis, 28,29 all of which are clinical diseases known for their association with periodontitis. 14,23,30,31 In our study, we detected a significant difference between the examined groups of Iraqi subjects concerning the SNPs at position rs10925024 of NLRP3. As a result, 35 SNPs were found in the periodontitis cohort, while 10 SNPs were found in the healthy.…”

“…21 22 As a potential pathogenic factor for periodontal disease, SNP of cytokines and inflammatory mediators have drawn more attention in recent research. 14 23…”

“…Polymorphism of NLRP3 is one of the most studied SNPs of all the inflammasomes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases; NLRP3 has been implicated as having a key role in the pathogenesis of several diseases in the general population, including obesity, DM, rheumatoid arthritis, 28 29 all of which are clinical diseases known for their association with periodontitis. 14 23 30 31…”

“…21,22 As a potential pathogenic factor for periodontal disease, SNP of cytokines and inflammatory mediators have drawn more attention in recent research. 14,23 This research may contribute to the development of innovative treatment and preventive approaches as well as a better understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontitis. 24 Pathogenic bacteria in the tooth biofilm are responsible for the onset and progression of periodontitis because they induce an inflammatory immune reaction that causes tissue damage in a susceptible host.…”

Calprotectin and periostin levels in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease

“…et al, 2020;Mahendra et al, 2021). This suggests that the existing status of poor oral hygiene in periodontitis subjects with CAD could be a contributor for increased oral microbial load leading to transient bacteremia resulting in increased risk for CAD progression.…”