Genetic polymorphisms influence mycophenolate mofetil–related adverse events in pediatric heart transplant patients

The genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus and implications for targeted therapy

“…MMF is rapidly hydrolysed to an active metabolite (mycophenolic acid) with more than 90% bioavailability by the oral route. Although not yet studied in lupus, polymorphisms in genes of the MMF metabolic pathway, such as IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 , can affect the gastrointestinal tolerance profile and drug-associated neutropenia in heart transplant patients 71. Genetic profiling, therefore, also holds promise for predicting adverse responses in SLE.…”

Pharmacogenomics

“…In a cohort of 59 PCTx patients, those homozygous for A at rs11706052 in IMPDH2 experienced less bone marrow toxicity leading to MMF dose-holding, although the effect was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for age, race and gender. 13 In the same patient population, homozygous G genotype at IMPDH1 rs2278294 or rs2228075 was associated with decreased rates of gastrointestinal toxicity. 13 Use of the IMPDH1 haplotype did not lead to greater statistical confidence.…”

Ontogeny of oral drug absorption processes in children

“…To our knowledge, the intestinal ontogeny of other members of the ATP-binding cassette transporters, such as multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) or breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), has not been studied to date [83,[87][88][89].…”