Pharmacogenomics

Driest, Sara L. Van; Webber, Steven A.

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.001382

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Boundary conditions to solve the flow field include noslip conditions in solid surfaces. To estimate the velocity of the first node of the grid near a wall, the wall function was employed together with a damping function proposed by Driest [24] in order to estimate the distance from the wall;…”

Section: The Les Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Flow Turbulence in a Continuous Casting Slab Mold Comparing the use of Two Bifurcated Nozzles with Square and Circular Ports

Calderon-Ramos

Morales

Salazar-Campoy

2015

steel research int.

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Flow patterns of liquid steel in a thick slab mold, fed by bifurcated nozzles, are modeled through water modeling using characterization techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV), ultrasound velocimetry probe (UPV), and mathematical simulations using the large eddy simulation (LES) model. Geometries of nozzle ports include circular and square shapes with similar cross‐section area. Square ports deliver wandering jets that occupy about 66% of the port area, and are raveled during their pass through the mold impacting the narrow face. Circular ports deliver compact jets mainly through the lower edge occupying only about 45% of the port area. The analysis of the flow structures indicates that the circular ports form more turbulent jets than square ones for the same flow rate of liquid. Mathematical simulations, using the LES model, predict acceptably well measured velocity fields. Slag entrainment through mechanisms of shear‐drag forces at the metal–slag interface is estimated through a critical capillary number which involves slag viscosity, interfacial tension, and fluid velocity. At deep nozzle immersions, this capillary model predicts more slag entrainment using the bifurcated nozzle with circular ports.

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Section: The Les Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Flow Turbulence in a Continuous Casting Slab Mold Comparing the use of Two Bifurcated Nozzles with Square and Circular Ports

Calderon-Ramos

Morales

Salazar-Campoy

2015

steel research int.

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“…The mean velocity distribution in the channel of half-width a is determined by the mean stress balance and an expression for the turbulent stress originally introduced by van Driest [10]. In friction units (denoted by the superscript +) they read…”

Section: Application To Mhd Channel Flow With Spanwise Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixing‐length model for magnetohydrodynamic flows in channels and ducts with wall‐parallel magnetic field

Boeck

Krasnov

2014

Proc Appl Math and Mech

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A spanwise magnetic field leads to turbulent drag reduction in channel flow of a conducting liquid due to the selective Joule damping of certain flow structures. This effect can be captured by a simple modification of Prandtl's classical mixing-length idea. The mixing length over which a turbulent fluctuation loses its momentum is not only constrained geometrically but also by magnetic damping. We therefore introduce a magnetic damping length that is proportional to friction velocity and the Joule damping time. The limitation of mixing length is implemented by using the harmonic mean between wall distance and this damping length. By combining this ansatz with the van-Driest model for turbulent stresses in channel flow we obtain a satisfactory prediction for the mean velocity distribution in magnetohydrodynamic channel flow with spanwise field for different Reynolds and Hartmann numbers.

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“…(1) There is now substantial evidence that genomic variation in the host leads to differences in the immune response and susceptibility to adverse outcomes. (2) We know, for example, that most drugs are either ineffective or incompletely effective in 30–60% of patients (3, 4) which is of critical importance to transplant recipients, who are treated with a large number of medications to suppress the immune response and prevent post-transplant complications. The ability to tailor medical therapy offers the potential to increase treatment efficacy, improve long-term outcomes, reduce adverse events, and improve patient satisfaction and compliance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the incidence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia appears to be higher with cyclosporine than tacrolimus, while this drug confers a lower risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus, tremor, and gastrointestinal effects. (2) In addition, cyclosporine, unlike tacrolimus, may cause gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism, which may represent a significant barrier to its use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to white recipients, for example, black recipients have a higher burden of genetic variants predisposing to inflammation, which may require more intensive maintenance immunosuppression. (2, 14) Use of predictive models that incorporate clinical and genetic risk factors to personalize therapy therefore hold particular promise for post-transplant care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personalized treatment in heart transplantation

Khush

2017

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation

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Purpose of review We are entering the era of personalized medicine, in which pharmacogenomics and biomarker-based assays can be used to tailor diagnostic tests and drug therapies to individual patients. This new approach to patient-specific care offers the potential to maximize the efficacy of available medical treatments while reducing the incidence of adverse side effects. Here we present approaches to personalize the care of heart transplant recipients. Recent findings Four strategies for personalized post-transplant care are described, including (1) use of pharmacogenomic data to individualize the use of immunosuppressive drugs, (2) immune monitoring to prevent acute rejection while reducing the long-term consequences of over-immunosuppression, (3) non-invasive surveillance for acute rejection, and (4) targeted prophylaxis against opportunistic infections. Summary The long-term survival of heart transplant recipients is limited by side effects of immunosuppressive drugs, including infectious complications, renal dysfunction, and malignancy. We discuss strategies to maximize the benefits of immunosuppressive and prophylactic therapies while minimizing their long-term toxicities.

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Pharmacogenomics

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Modeling Flow Turbulence in a Continuous Casting Slab Mold Comparing the use of Two Bifurcated Nozzles with Square and Circular Ports

Modeling Flow Turbulence in a Continuous Casting Slab Mold Comparing the use of Two Bifurcated Nozzles with Square and Circular Ports

A mixing‐length model for magnetohydrodynamic flows in channels and ducts with wall‐parallel magnetic field

Personalized treatment in heart transplantation

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