Genetic Polymorphism in MMP9 May Be Associated With Anterior Open Bite in Children

Abstract

Anterior open bite (AOB) has a multifactorial etiology caused by the interaction of sucking habits and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between AOB and polymorphisms in genes that encode Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Four hundred and seventy-two children that presented at least one sucking habit were evaluated. Children were examined clinically for the presence of AOB. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms in MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 was carried out by real-time PCR using the TaqMan method. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups with and without AOB using the PLINK® software in a free and in a recessive model using a chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was implemented (p≤0.05). Two hundred nineteen children had AOB while 253 did not. The polymorphism rs17576 in MMP9 was significantly associated with AOB (p=0.009). In a recessive model GG genotype was a protective factor for AOB (p=0.014; OR 4.6, 95%CI 1.3-16.2). In the logistic regression analysis, none of the genes was associated with AOB. In conclusion, the polymorphism rs17576 (glutamine for arginine substitution) in MMP9 was a protective factor for AOB.

Mordida aberta anterior em dentição mista - relato de caso

“…Como resultado de etiologias distintas, na marioria das vezes apresentadas como hábitos de sucção e influência genética. Foi feito um estudo monstrando a influência do polimorfismo genético na proteína MMP9 que está fortemente associada com MAA (KUCHLER et al, 2017). Os resultados mostraram que fatores genéticos estão envolvidos com a etiologia MAA, ou se presente, o fator protetor genótipo GG, a criança mesmo apresentando hábitos deletérios estária protegida da MAA (KUCHLER et al, 2017).…”

Genetic And Environmental Factors Involved In The Development Of Oral Malformations Such As Cleft Lip/Palate In Non-Syndromic Patients And Open Bite Malocclusion

“…According with reference [77], anterior open bite is a multifactorial malocclusion that can be dentoalveolar, skeletal or combined, observed in the vertical plane.…”

“…Like any other malocclusion, the anterior open bite can also be the result of factors of hereditary origin that can act in the orofacial tissues at the prenatal or postnatal level [73]. For Reference [77], it is possible that the anterior open bite is influenced by genetic factors, since the genes that contribute to the growth and development of bones, teeth and soft tissues may be associated with the anterior open bite.…”

“…The genes encoding MMPs and TIMPs are expressed in osteoblasts and are involved in bone development, molding, and tissue remodeling, playing an especially important role during organogenesis [77]. MMPs are a group of enzymes responsible for the degradation and cleavage of most proteins in the extracellular matrix during growth, being inhibited by TIMPs [80].…”

“…It is possible that the open bite is also influenced by genetic factors, associated with genes that act on the growth and development of teeth, soft tissues, and facial bones [10]. Several studies highlight the genes involved in bone development, such as the CYP19A1 gene, the gene encoding the growth hormone receptor (GHR gene) and the genes encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), RANKL/RANK and osteoprotegerin (OPG).…”