Genetic Parameters for Some Yield and Yield Components Characters in Four Crosses of Bread Wheat Under Two Water Regime Treatments

Abstract

Six populations; P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 of four bread wheat crosses were used in this study to determine quantitative genetic parameters for yield and its components characters under normal and water stress treatments. The means of the six generations were recorded for plant height, spikes number plant-1 , grains number spike-1 , 100-grain weight and grain yield plant-1 in four crosses namely; Line 1 × Sakha 93, Line 1×Sakha 94 , Sakha 93×Gemmiza 9 and Sakha 94 × Gemmiza 9 generated from four diverse parents. The experiment was carried out in 2006/2007 to 2008/2009 seasons at Sakha Agric. Res. Station, ARC. The means of the four crosses significantly decreased under the water stress treatments for yield and its components characters as the effect of water stress at most cases. The T-test of differences between parents of each cross under each treatment showed highly significant values in most cases in the four studied crosses under both treatments. The results showed the importance of additive gene effects in the inheritance of plant height and spikes number plant-1 , while, additive, dominance and epistasis were the important in the inheritance of grains number spike-1 , 100-grain weight and grain yield plant-1 at most cases under both normal and water stress treatments. Moreover, additive genetic variance played the greatest and the important role in the inheritance of plant height, spikes number plant-1 and grain yield plant-1 at most cases under both water treatments. On the other hand, dominance genetic variance was the greatest and the important in the inheritance of grains number spike-1 and 100-grain weight at most cases under both water treatments. On the other side, heritability in broad sense had medium to high percentages for all studied characters at all cases under normal and water stress treatments. Meanwhile, heritability in narrow sense had moderate to high values for yield and yield components characters at most cases under both water treatments, except grains number spike-1 which had low values at most cases under both water treatments. Genetic advance under selection was low for plant height at most cases under both water treatments. While, it was high for spikes number plant-1 and grain yield plant-1 at most cases under both water treatments. Also, it was founded to be low to high for plant height, grains number spike-1 and 100-grain weight at most cases under both water treatments.

Breeding Enrichment of Genetic Variation of Grain Yield and Its Attributes in Bread Wheat under Drought Stress and Well Irrigation

“…These results showed the attendance of epistasis and the complex genetic model was found to be satisfactory for illustrative the inheritance of the abovementioned characters in the corresponding crosses. These results are in agreement with those obtained by Sultan et al [37] and Said et al [29].…”

“…Thus, reduction percentages were 4.5%, and 2.2% in the two crosses compared with WI. When plants were exposed to water stress at the stage among stem elongation and pollination time was reduced the NG/S than in a well-irrigated environment [9,37]. Furthermore, the means for the TGW differ from 44.7 to 57.1 g under WI and from 41.9 to 54.91 g under DS.…”

“…The contribution of (d) in the inheritance of DH and DM was also stated by Raza et al [41], Attri et al [42] and Saleem et al [44] for proline content. Moreover, Sultan et al [37], Patel et al [43] and Sharma et al [20] reported additive genes were controlled traits of yield components in the various wheat crosses.…”

Combining Ability of wheat yield and Some yield Attributes Under Normal and Water Stress Conditions

“…Negative and significant estimates of GCA effects were obtained for Line 1 (P 6 ) under the two irrigation conditions. These results are partially in harmony with Sultan et al, (2011) who pointed to the importance of additive gene effects in the inheritance of plant height and spikes number plant -1 , while, additive, dominance and epistasis were the important in the inheritance of grains number spike -1 , 100-grain weight and grain yield plant -1 at most cases under both normal and water stress conditions. Moreover, additive genetic variance played the greatest and the important role in the inheritance of plant height, spikes number plant -1 and grain yield plant -1 at most cases under both water conditions.…”

Exploration of Genetic Pattern of Phenological Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Drought Stress

“…Meanwhile, they were moderate to high (>1) for yield-related metric traits (growing degree days to maturity, flag leaf area, plant height, peduncle length, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains/spike, and grain yield/plant) under normal irrigation [64]. Under drought, the low GA for leaf attitude, auricle hairiness, spike length, and spikelets/spike was observed, while it was moderate to high for traits flag leaf area, plant height, Grains/spike, and Grain yield/plant [65].…”