In the present study, the effects of Spirulina on subchronic treatments (two weeks) of hyperlipidemia and liver function of the rats and humans were investigated. The hyperlipidemia was induced in the rats using 25% of soya bean oil and 25% butter. The butter induced more hyperlipidemia than soya bean oil. Spirulina was used at the concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 % of diet weight of the rats. The decrease in hyperlipidemia by Spirulina was dependent on its concentration in the diet. In case of human studies, about four g/day of Spirulina was taken via oral administration by Egyptian volunteers patients with hyperlipidemia. Spirulina decreased the levels of hyperlipidemia in these patients. The effects were dependent on the amount and number of administered dose of Sprirulina. The results suggested that the Spirulina treatment could induce marked reduction of aminotransferase through correcting lipid profile and increasing high density lipoprotein.

Detoxification of apricot kernels by soaking in distilled water and ammonium hydroxide for 30 h at 47 degrees C decreased the total protein, non-protein nitrogen, total ash, glucose, sucrose, minerals, non-essential amino acids, polar amino acids, acidic amino acids, aromatic amino acids, antinutritional factors, hydrocyanic acid, tannins and phytic acid. On the other hand, removal of toxic and bitter compounds from apricot kernels increased the relative content of crude fibre, starch, total essential amino acids. Higher in-vitro protein digestibility and biological value was also observed. Generally, the detoxified apricot kernels were nutritionally well balanced. Utilization and incorporation of detoxified apricot kernel flours in food products is completely safe from the toxicity point of view.

Two field experiments were carried out at Etay El-Baroud Research Station, El-Beheira Governorate, Agric. Res Center in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons to evaluate three planting methods and four intercropping densities of wheat with sugar beet and their interaction. The obtained results indicated that planting sugar beet on wide ridges (120 cm width) and wheat on the wide of the same ridges (M 1 ) significantly increased yield and its components. The intercropping densities of wheat had significant effect on most of studied traits for this crop. Decrease densities of wheat lead to the highest values of all sugar beet characters and spike length of wheat, while No. of spikes/m 2 , grain weight/m 2 of wheat were increased by increasing intercropping densities of wheat. A monoculture crop gave the highest values of both crops. Significant interaction effect between planting methods and intercropping plant density was found on some studied characters of the two crops under testing. Planting method intercropping combination on wide sugar beet ridges 120 cm width (M 1 ) resulted in the greatest land eqvillant ratio (LER) and gross returns. The results showed that the productivity of land increased by intercropping 12.50 % of wheat seeding rate per feddan with sugar beet gave the highest LER and gross returns. The best productivity of land was achieved by planting wheat with sugar beet on sugar beet ridges 120 cm width (M 1 ) by using intercropping density 12.50 % .

The aim of this study was to see the effect of four mechanical practices (shallow ploughing, laser deep ploughing and laser leveled soil + deep ploughing), three irrigation intervals (every 4 weeks, every 6 weeks and every 8 weeks) and three plant densities (35 cm (20000), 25 cm (28000) and 15 cm (46000) plants/fed.) on growth of sugar beet plants of Farida cultivar. Sowing of sugar beet at a laser leveled soil + deep ploughing, among lower plant densities 20.000 plants/fed (1 feddan = 0.42 ha) and irrigation intervals every 8 weeks gave a significant increase in root length, root perimeter , crop growth rate(CGR) and relative growth rate(RGR) in comparison to other treatments.

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Within the rapid growth of the energy demand of buildings, cities start to look at ways to shift towards more sustainable solutions that seek the reduction of energy consumption. In the last few decades, Egypt has witnessed a high rate of residential sector investments to accommodate the population inflation. As a result, such buildings in the residential sector consume the highest rates of energy exhaustion to meet the requirements of heating, cooling, and lighting; with the largest amount of burdens, the environment has to afford. Consequently, it is essential to consider energy control and careful analysis of environmental impacts as an essential part of the design of residential buildings. Life Cycle Assessment has gained significant attention in the study of energy control. It helps to analyze the energy patterns and environmental impacts of every single parameter engaged in the design of buildings. However, its complexity limits its integration into the conventional design process. Which lead to the need of engaging computer-aided design techniques and parametric approaches for the easiness of application. This research aims at developing a framework that achieves a reasonable integration between LCA and the traditional design process focusing on early design stages. It provides architects and designers with a structured methodology that enables them to achieve sustainability goals in their designs. The study follows a framework that firstly examines previous research on LCA. Secondly, it highlights the early design decisions and measures their effect on the final output using parametric tools. Lastly, it examines the validation of the developed framework by the implementation of a selected case study. This helps to carry out design optimization based on LCA in the design process.

SummaryThe physico-chemical properties of apricot kernel proteins before and after detoxification treatments with water and ammonium hydroxide were determined. Water treament shifted the A,,, to 278 nm while ammonium hydroxide has no effect. Fluorescence spectrum showed emission red shift and quenching for both detoxification treatments. Sedimentation velocity pattern of the untreated proteins contained two peaks having S,,., values of 6.8s and 11.1s. Detoxified kernels showed aggregates of 15.4s and 16.9s due to water and ammonium hydroxide treatment, respectively. Gel filtration pattern consisted of three peaks for all samples, meanwhile ion-exchange chromatography showed an additional peak. HPLC, SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing-PAGE proved dissociation of the high molecular weight proteins as well as removal of the low molecular weight protein fractions due to detoxification treatments. Zusammenfassung

The objective of this study was estimate the response to individual plant selection in early generation through direct and indirect selection for increased grain yield was carried out. The selection intensity of 10 % approximately was used with direct selection of yield and with indirect selection using yield components in wheat, i.e. number of spikes per plant, number of kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight in gm. In 2009/2010, promising lines in F5 for each criterion were evaluated under flood irrigation at the Sids Agricultural Research Station conditions, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt. The high selected lines (20 lines) from direct and indirect selection for high yielding for each criteria (grain yield/plant "direct selection", number of spikes per plant, number of kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight in gm "indirect selection") and the two parents also, two checks (Sids 12 and Sids 13) were evaluated in nested design with three replications in each population. In the first population, the selection of high number of grains/spike gave the highest grain yield/plant. In the second population the selection of high number of spikes/plant gave the highest grain yield/plant. The results indicated that selection for indirect selection was more efficient in breeding for word superior yielding F5 lines.