Genetic map of the virulence plasmid of Salmonella enteritidis and nucleotide sequence of its replicons

Rodrı́guez-Peña, José Manuel; Buisán, Miguel; Ibáñez, María del Mar Soria; Rotger, Rafael

doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00776-7

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The smaller size of the classic S. Enteritidis pVIR (∼60 kb) relative to that of S. Gallinarum (∼90 kb) can be largely attributed to major deletions in the tra region responsible for conjugal transfer (18). Other differences that contribute to the phylogenetic distance between pVIRs include the presence of genes for a partial K88-like fimbria (19), which was found in all of the S. Dublin, S. Gallinarum, and S. Pullorum pVIRs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of genome evolution that have accompanied host adaptation in Salmonella

Langridge

Fookes

Connor

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

211

233

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Many bacterial pathogens are specialized, infecting one or few hosts, and this is often associated with more acute disease presentation. Specific genomes show markers of this specialization, which often reflect a balance between gene acquisition and functional gene loss. Within Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, a single lineage exists that includes human and animal pathogens adapted to cause infection in different hosts, including S. enterica serovar Enteritidis (multiple hosts), S. Gallinarum (birds), and S. Dublin (cattle). This provides an excellent evolutionary context in which differences between these pathogen genomes can be related to host range. Genome sequences were obtained from ∼60 isolates selected to represent the known diversity of this lineage. Examination and comparison of the clades within the phylogeny of this lineage revealed signs of host restriction as well as evolutionary events that mark a path to host generalism. We have identified the nature and order of events for both evolutionary trajectories. The impact of functional gene loss was predicted based upon position within metabolic pathways and confirmed with phenotyping assays. The structure of S. Enteritidis is more complex than previously known, as a second clade of S. Enteritidis was revealed that is distinct from those commonly seen to cause disease in humans or animals, and that is more closely related to S. Gallinarum. Isolates from this second clade were tested in a chick model of infection and exhibited a reduced colonization phenotype, which we postulate represents an intermediate stage in pathogen-host adaptation.Salmonella | host adaptation | pseudogene | metabolism

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of genome evolution that have accompanied host adaptation in Salmonella

Langridge

Fookes

Connor

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

211

233

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“…This suggests that the virulence plasmid of serovar Choleraesuis is a variant of the virulence plasmid of serovar Typhimurium and was generated by deletion events that occurred during their divergence from a common predecessor. In addition, all genes of the 60-kb virulence plasmid of serovar Enteritidis thus far detected, and their genetic orders, are identical to these plasmids (13,52), suggesting that the virulence plasmids from serovars Typhimurium, Choleraesuis, and Enteritidis share a common ancestry.…”

Section: Vol 69 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first replication region showed very high homology to the repB (RepFIIA) region of serovar Enteritidis plasmid pFM82139 (accession no. U64796) (52) in the translated ORFs (99% identical to RepA, 100% identical to Tap and CopB). Tap is necessary for the translation of repA through translational coupling (9), and CopB is involved in plasmid copy number control.…”

Section: Vol 69 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete DNA Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the 50-Kilobase Virulence Plasmid of Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis

et al. 2001

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The complete nucleotide sequence of pKDSC50, a large virulence plasmid from Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis strain RF-1, has been determined. We identified 48 of the open reading frames (ORFs) encoded by the 49,503-bp molecule. pKDSC50 encodes a known virulence-associated operon, the spv operon, which is composed of genes essential for systemic infection by nontyphoidal Salmonella. Analysis of the genetic organization of pKDSC50 suggests that the plasmid is composed of several virulence-associated genes, which include the spvRABCD genes, plasmid replication and maintenance genes, and one insertion sequence element. A second virulence-associated region including the pef (plasmid-encoded fimbria) operon and rck (resistance to complement killing) gene, which has been identified on the virulence plasmid of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, was absent. Two different replicon regions, similar to the RepFIIA and RepFIB replicons, were found. Both showed high similarity to those of the pO157 plasmid of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the enteropathogenic E. coli ( Plasmid-encoded gene products are required for full expression of virulence in many enteropathogenic bacteria, including those of the genera Shigella (53, 54) and Yersina (17,20), as well as Salmonella (12,33,35,47,56). Nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars are important agents of gastroenteritis and can cause systemic infection, such as bacteremia (septicemia), in animals and humans. Many of these serotypes typically carry large plasmids which are essential to the production of systemic infection in animal models (21,23). Although the virulence plasmids of these Salmonella strains are variable in size, ranging from 50 to 94 kb, their distribution is dependent on the serotype. For example, S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis, S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, S. enterica serovar Dublin, S. enterica serovars Gallinarum and Pullorum, and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium harbor the 50-, 60-, 80-, 90-, and 94-kb virulence plasmids, respectively.Strains of serovar Typhimurium cured of the virulence plasmid are strongly attenuated in their subsequent spreading infection to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver (23), while the presence of the virulence plasmid of Salmonella does not appear to be required for bacterial adherence to and invasion of cultured eukaryotic cells or for colonization of the cecum or invasion of Peyer's patches in the mouse (24, 42). All of these virulence plasmids contain a highly conserved 8-kb region, which contains the spv (Salmonella plasmid virulence) locus that can confer complete virulence on a strain of serovar Typhimurium cured of the plasmid (25).The spv region consists of spvR, a gene that encodes a transcriptional factor of the LysR family, and the spvABCD operon of structural genes (1,2,22,25,37). The spv operon is required for the systemic phase of disease in specific hosts, i.e., serovar Choleraesuis in pigs (15), serovar Dublin in cattle (39, 61), serovars Gallinarum and Pullorum in fowl (5, 6), and serova...

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“…The best understood is the serovar-specific plasmid which encodes for virulence genes, e.g., spv, pef, or rck (6,12,29,30,39). Besides this plasmid, wild-type Salmonella serovar Enteritidis strains occasionally contain additional plasmids, frequently of low molecular weight.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low-Molecular-Weight Plasmid of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Codes for Retron Reverse Transcriptase and Influences Phage Resistance

et al. 2001

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Retron reverse transcriptases are unusual procaryotic enzymes capable of synthesis of low-molecular-weight DNA by reverse transcription. All of the so-far-described DNA species synthesized by retron reverse transcriptases have been identified as multicopy single-stranded DNA. We have shown that Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is also capable of synthesis of the low-molecular-weight DNA by retron reverse transcriptase. Surprisingly, Salmonella serovar Enteritidis-produced low-molecular-weight DNA was shown to be a doublestranded DNA with single-stranded overhangs (sdsDNA). The sdsDNA was 72 nucleotides (nt) long, of which a 38-nt sequence was formed by double-stranded DNA with 19-and 15-nt single-stranded overhangs, respectively. Three open reading frames (ORFs), encoded by the 4,053-bp plasmid, were essential for the production of sdsDNA. These included an ORF with an unknown function, the retron reverse transcriptase, and an ORF encoding the cold shock protein homologue. This plasmid was also able to confer phage resistance onto the host cell by a mechanism which was independent of sdsDNA synthesis.

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Genetic map of the virulence plasmid of Salmonella enteritidis and nucleotide sequence of its replicons

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Patterns of genome evolution that have accompanied host adaptation in Salmonella

Patterns of genome evolution that have accompanied host adaptation in Salmonella

Complete DNA Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the 50-Kilobase Virulence Plasmid of Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis

Low-Molecular-Weight Plasmid of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Codes for Retron Reverse Transcriptase and Influences Phage Resistance

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