Genetic improvement of rice crop under high temperature stress: bridging plant physiology with molecular biology

Effects of high night temperature on soybean yield and compositions

“…This down-regulation coincided with a reduction in total grain water content and weight after the same treatment period, supporting the theory that high temperature may lead to a reduction in mature grain weight (Kino et al, 2020). Proteins like heat shock proteins also known to play a key role in leguminous plants like Vicia faba and other plants under heat stress (Kumar et al, 2015;Kumar et al, 2016;Kumar et al, 2020;Tiwari et al, 2021).…”

“…When soybeans suffer high temperatures during the seed filling stage, their yields are reduced and their seed compositions changed ( Medic et al., 2014 ; Song et al., 2016 ; Nakagawa et al., 2020 ). For legumes such as faba beans, various genetic approaches have been used to breed for heat stress tolerance varieties ( Lavania et al., 2015 ; Lavania et al., 2016 ). Global climate model projections indicate that nighttime warming rises more rapidly than daytime warming and is the primary driver of global warming ( Davy et al., 2016 ), reducing diurnal temperature differences ( Vose et al., 2005 ).…”

Molecular and Physiological Responses of Rice and Weedy Rice to Heat and Drought Stress

“…Plants submitted to heat stress were kept in the same conditions as the control plants until the stress induction. On the same day when the drought stress treatment was completed, a group of control plants was moved to a growth chamber set at 42 • C for 2 h [27] to analyze heat stress-responsive genes. The plants were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates.…”

“…High temperature and water deficit (drought) are two of the main factors that affect plant growth [26]. Cell damage, inhibition of photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, induction of repair systems and chaperones, changes in gene expression, and metabolism are the general plant responses to these stresses [27]. Products of genes induced by stress are classified into two major groups: (1) proteins that directly protect the cell against stress, including chaperones, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, antifreeze proteins, and detoxification enzymes; and (2) proteins that regulate gene expression and signal transduction pathways such as transcription factors (TFs) [22].…”

“…Given the importance of HSPs for thermotolerance, it is often assumed that stressedorganisms accumulate higher levels of HSPs [27,46]. On the other hand, some studies demonstrate that the expression of HSPs can be downregulated in stressful environments [47,48].…”