Genetic Improvement of Agronomic Traits of Winter Wheat Cultivars Released in France from 1946 to 1992

Brancourt‐Hulmel, Maryse; Doussinault, Gérard; Lecomte, Christophe; Bérard, P.; Buanec, B. Le; Trottet, Maxime

doi:10.2135/cropsci2003.0037

Cited by 145 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…Harvest index improvements were positively associated with plant height reductions, as has been pointed out in other species (Calderini et al 1995;Brancourt-Hulmel et al 2003). Future improvements in grain yield through breeding may require a boost in biomass production, with harvest index being maintained (Austin et al 1980;Hay 1995;Fischer 1996) or further increases in harvest index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Genetic changes in durum wheat yield components and associated traits in Italian and Spanish varieties during the 20th century

et al. 2006

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Twelve field experiments comparing 24 durum wheat varieties from three periods-old (<1945), intermediate and modern (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)-were carried out in order to ascertain the advances made in durum wheat yield components and related traits in Italian and Spanish germplasm. Grain yield improvements were based on linear increases in the number of grains per m 2 and harvest index, while grain weight and biomass remained unchanged. Yield per plant increased at a rate of 0.36 and 0.44% y -1 and the number of grains per m 2 improved by 39% and 55% in Italian and Spanish varieties, respectively. The mean rate of increase in the number of grains per m 2 was 0.55% y -1 . Plants per m 2 , spikes per plant and grains per spike contributed 20%, 29% and 51%, respectively, to the increase in the number of grains per m 2 . The enhance of the number of grains per m 2 was due to the greater grain set in the modern varieties, since the number of spikelets per spike remained unchanged. Harvest index increased overall by 0.48% y -1 (0.40 and 0.53% y -1 in Italian and Spanish varieties, respectively). Plant height was the trait that suffered the most dramatic changes (it decreased at a rate of -0.81% y -1 , with little difference between the varieties of the two countries), as consequence of the presence of the Rht-B1 dwarfing gene. Harvest index and plant height, which were the traits that most contributed to discriminating between periods, remained unchanged from 1980 to 2000. The higher rates of improvement in Spain are discussed in the context of the contrasting strategies followed to improve durum wheat yield in the two countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The higher number of grains per unit area has been the yield component most associated with yield gains in bread wheat (McCaig and Clarke 1995) and barley (Jedel and Helm 1994). Nevertheless, changes in grain weight have been null (McCaig and Clarke 1995) or even negative (Perry and D'Antuono 1989;Brancourt-Hulmel et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic changes in durum wheat yield components and associated traits in Italian and Spanish varieties during the 20th century

et al. 2006

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“…Overwhelmingly, in the Spark · Rialto cross, yield QTL across all environments also relate to variation in grain size, much more so than any other trait. This is encouraging since there has previously apparently been little change in grain size with wheat breeding in recent decades world-wide (eg., Calderini et al 1999;Brancourt-Hulmel et al 2003;Shearman et al 2005). In fact, there are other significant QTL relating to grain size which are present but whose co-locating yield QTL do not reach statistical significance.…”

Section: Genetic Analysis Of Yield Sink Traitsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dissecting gene × environmental effects on wheat yields via QTL and physiological analysis

et al. 2006

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Crops frequently display genotype · environment interaction for yield and enduse quality in response to different environments, particularly when stresses such as water limitation and temperature are components of the interaction. Plant breeders usually exploit this variation via phenotypic selection to develop varieties with both general and specific adaptation. However the individual genes and physiological processes underlying the basis of general and specific adaptation have rarely been elucidated. We are combining large-scale QTL analysis of several doubled haploid populations of wheat, grown over different environments and seasons, with detailed physiological analysis, to dissect the genes and mechanisms responsible for yield and yield · environment variation in adapted European winter germplasm. Analysis of populations grown under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on drought-prone soils has revealed individual genes showing stable and differential expression over environments, and the analysis has also identified physiological traits that contribute to differential yield performance. Genes on the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes were associated with flag leaf senescence (stay-green) variation and were the most significant in drought interactions. Variation for stem soluble carbohydrate reserves was associated with the 1RS arm of the 1BL/1RS translocated chromosome, and was positively correlated with yield under both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, and thus general adaptability. Separate analyses of populations grown over three seasons in England, Scotland, France and Germany revealed QTL for yield performance showing both general and specific effects. A stable QTL on chromosome 6A, consistent in different populations, showed significant effects over seasons and environments, whilst other QTL were specific to season and/or environments.

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“…Genetic improvements have made substantial contributions to wheat yield increases in countries such as Britain (Austin et al 1980(Austin et al , 1989, France (Brancourt-Hulmel et al 2003), Italy (Canevara et al 1994), United States (Cox et al 1988;Donmez et al 2001), Canada (Hucl and Baker 1987;McCaig and DePauw 1995), Australia (Perry and D'Antuono 1989), Argentina (Slafer and Andrade 1989;Calderini et al 1995), Mexico (Waddington et al 1986;Sayre et al 1997;OrtizMonasterio et al 1997) and India (Kulshrestha and Jain 1982). Most of these studies showed that grain yield increases are mainly associated with increased harvest index (HI) resulting from reduced plant height, and increased kernel numbers/m 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the southern China winter wheat region: 1949 to 2000

et al. 2007

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To understand the genetic gains of grain yield in the Southern China Winter Wheat Region (SCWWR), two yield potential trials, i.e., YPT 1 including 11 leading cultivars from the Middle and Low Yangtze Valley (Zone III) and YPT 2 including 15 leading cultivars from the Southwestern China Region (Zone IV) from 1949 to 2000, were conduced during the 2001-2003 cropping seasons. A completely randomized block design of three replicates was employed with controlled field environments. Molecular markers were used to detect the presence of dwarfing genes and the 1B/1R translocation. Results showed that average annual genetic gain was 0.31% (P < 0.05) or 13.96 kg/ha/year and 0.74% (P < 0.01) or 40.80 kg/ha/year in Zones III and IV, respectively. In YPT 1, changes of all other traits were not significant, but plant height was significantly reduced. In YPT 2, the genetic improvement of grain yield was primarily attributed to the increased thousand kernel weight (TKW) (0.65%, P < 0.01) and kernel weight/ spike (0.87%, P < 0.01), reduced plant height and increased harvest index (HI). The dwarfing gene Rht 8 was most frequently present (46.1%), Rht-B1b was observed in three genotypes in Zone III, and Rht-D1b was present in only one genotype in Zone IV. The 1B/1R translocation was present in four genotypes. Utilization of Italian germplasm and development of landmark cultivar Fan 7 were the key factors for grain yield improvement in SCWWR. The future challenge of wheat breeding in this region is to continue improving grain yield and disease resistance, and to develop cultivars suitable for the reduced tillage of wheat/rice double cropping. Utilization of Mexican germplasm could provide opportunities for future yield improvement.

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Genetic Improvement of Agronomic Traits of Winter Wheat Cultivars Released in France from 1946 to 1992

Cited by 145 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic changes in durum wheat yield components and associated traits in Italian and Spanish varieties during the 20th century

Genetic changes in durum wheat yield components and associated traits in Italian and Spanish varieties during the 20th century

Dissecting gene × environmental effects on wheat yields via QTL and physiological analysis

Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the southern China winter wheat region: 1949 to 2000

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