Genetic forms and pathophysiology of essential arterial hypertension in minor indigenous peoples of Russia

Abstract

Background: To study the genetic forms and pathophysiology of arterial hypertension by evaluating plasma renin activity in the Shors, minor indigenous peoples inhabiting the south of Western Siberia. Methods: A single-stage study of indigenous (the Shors) and non-indigenous peoples living in the villages of Gornaya Shoria of the Kemerovo region in the south of Western Siberia was conducted in the period from 2013 to 2017. One thousand four hundred nine adults (901 Shors and 508 non-indigenous inhabitants) were recruited in the study using a continuous sampling plan. Arterial blood pressure was measured according to 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. All the respondents underwent clinical and instrumental examination. Plasma renin activity was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay with the BRG kits (Germany). Polymorphisms of ACE (I/D, rs 4340), АGT (c.803 T > C, rs699), AGTR1 (А1166С, rs5186), ADRB1 (с.145A > G, Ser49Gly, rs1801252) and ADRA2B (I/D, rs 28,365,031) genes were tested using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Renin-dependent hypertensive patients prevailed in both ethnic groups (65.6% in the indigenous group vs. 89.8% in the non-indigenous group, p = 0.001). Prevalence of a volume-dependent AH was low in both groups (34.4% in the indigenous group vs. 10.2% in the non-indigenous group, р = 0.001). The D/D and Т/Т genotypes of the АСЕ [OR = 6.97; 95% CI (1.07-55.58)] and AGT [OR = 3.53; 95% CI (1.02-12.91)] genes were associated with the renin-dependent AH in the Shors. The C/C genotype of AGTR1 gene was found to predispose to the volumedependent AH [OR = 5.25; 95% CI (1.03-27.89)]. The C/C genotype of AGTR1 gene was associated with moderate or high renin levels suggesting essential AH in the non-indigenous group [OR = 5.00; 95% CI (1.21-22.30), р = 0.029]. Conclusion: An in-depth understanding of AH pathophysiology and its genetic forms ensures the optimal choice of blood pressure-lowering treatment and optimizes AH control.

Association of AGTR1 A1166C and CYP2C9∗3 Gene Polymorphisms with the Antihypertensive Effect of Valsartan

“…Hypertension is one of the most common modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. The effective control of hypertension to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases is a global goal [ 25 ]. Interindividual variation in the BP response to the commonly used antihypertensive drug ARB is attributed to environmental and genetic factors, such as the polymorphisms in the genes involving targeted receptor and drug metabolism [ 14 , 26 , 27 ].…”

“…Hypertension is classified as Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 3, and a BP control target of <140/90 mmHg (<130/80 mmHg for patients with diabetes or coronary heart disease) is recommended according to the 2018 guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and Chinese hypertension guidelines [ 24 , 25 ]. In the present study, patients were divided into the well-controlled group and poorly controlled group, depending on whether they achieved the target BP levels.…”

Hubungan Antara Riwayat Hipertensi Dalam Keluarga, Status Merokok, Dan Konsumsi Garam Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Usia 35-59 Tahun Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kebumen I

“…Ketika angiotensin II ada di darah, maka ia mimiliki dua efek utama peningkatan tekanan arteri. 10,11 Hipertensi disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor risiko sehingga kemungkinan terjadinya menjadi semakin besar. Ada dua jenis faktor risiko hipertensi yakni faktor risiko tidak dapat dimodifikasi meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, serta genetik dan faktor risiko dapat dimodifikasi antara lain merokok, obesitas, aktivitas fisik yang kurang, asupan garam berlebih, kebiasaan mengonsumsi alkohol, serta psikososial dan stres.…”

Selected haematological markers and C-reactive protein, not AGTR1 SNP, are associated with essential hypertension in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya

“…Genetics also plays a critical role in the development of primary hypertension [12]. Genetic changes may alter normal physiological mechanisms by altering gene or protein expression for critical components of biological pathways involved in blood pressure regulation and thus enhance the risk of EH [13]. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in various genes that encode components of the Renin, aldosterone, angiotensin system (RAAS) have been found to modulate blood pressure regulation and impact the development of EH [14].…”

“…Consequently, genetic biomarkers may reveal the underlying processes associated with the early onset, progression and complications of EH. Genes that have been linked to EH include the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene, the angiotensinogen gene, 11βhydroxysteroid dehydrogenases types 1 and 2 (11βHSD1 and 11βHSD2) genes and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1) among others [13] [14]. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor that works primarily by binding to angiotensin type one receptor (AT1R).…”