Genetic fidelity and variability of micropropagated cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz) evaluated using ISSR markers

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Molecular markers are efficient for assessing the genetic fidelity of various species of plants after in vitro culture. In this study, we evaluated the genetic fidelity and variability of micropropagated cassava plants (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Twenty-two cassava accessions from the Embrapa Cassava & Fruits Germplasm Bank were used. For each accession, DNA was extracted from a plant maintained in the field and from 3 plants grown in vitro. For DNA amplification, 27 inter-simple sequence repeat primers were used, of which 24 generated 175 bands; 100 of those bands were polymorphic and were used to study genetic variability among accessions of cassava plants maintained in the field. Based on the genetic distance matrix calculated using the arithmetic Á.M. Vidal et al. 7760©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (3): 7759-7770 (2015) complement of the Jaccard's index, genotypes were clustered using the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages. The number of bands per primer was 2-13, with an average of 7.3. For most micropropagated accessions, the fidelity study showed no genetic variation between plants of the same accessions maintained in the field and those maintained in vitro, confirming the high genetic fidelity of the micropropagated plants. However, genetic variability was observed among different accessions grown in the field, and clustering based on the dissimilarity matrix revealed 7 groups. Inter-simple sequence repeat markers were efficient for detecting the genetic homogeneity of cassava plants derived from meristem culture, demonstrating the reliability of this propagation system.

Genetic diversity in cassava landraces grown on farms in Alta Floresta-MT, Brazil

“…This demonstrates the existence of genetic variability between the genotypes evaluated. Similar results were found by Vidal et al (2015), who found a total polymorphism of 57.1%, when evaluating 22 M. esculenta accessions from the Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Cassava and Fruit Farming of Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil. Silva et al (2011), however, found greater polymorphism (89.7%) in their evaluation of cassava genotypes of different origins (Indonesia, Brazil, and Thailand).…”

“…ISSRs have proven to be an effective tool in the differentiation of species and varieties of the genus Manihot (Silva et al, 2011;Zayed et al, 2013;Vidal et al, 2015). The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of cassava landraces grown by farmers in Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil, using ISSR molecular markers, with the aim to select material to compose a future germplasm bank of this species.…”

Genetic variability in Jatropha curcas L. from diallel crossing

“…Studies on markers have been reported for several species, such as Ricinus communis L., Manihot esculenta (Vidal et al, 2015), Hevea brasiliensis (Mantello et al, 2012), and J. curcas (Cammellia et al, 2012). In these studies, the minimum number of locus markers was determined, which results in good accuracy and optimizes time and resources for genetic characterization.…”

A leaf bud technique for rapid propagation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

“…Ukpe and Mustapha (2016) reported that the increase in cassava yield is limited by several factors, among them the scarcity of planting material. Therefore, it is essential to develop techniques that increase the multiplication rate associated with high phytosanitary quality (Vidal et al, 2015). In vitro micropropagation is a technique for producing planting material with high phytosanitary quality on a large scale in a short period (Aladele and Kuta, 2008), but the high cost of this technique is its main disadvantage (Ogero et al, 2010).…”