Genetic Factors that Regulate Milk Protein and Lipid Composition in Goats

Amills, M.; Jordana, J.; Zidi, Ali; Serradilla, J. M.

doi:10.5772/51716

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…The fact that goat milk contained less protein and casein than cow milk is in contrast with a number of studies [27,44,46] although differences are not always statistically significant [45]. As animal genetics are a strong determinant of protein content in goats and cows [8,9,28,47], it is possible that contradictory results between studies may partly originate on the diverse genetic background of the goats and cows used across the different studies and countries. In addition, the relatively low dietary forage:concentrate ratio in the UK dairy herds increases milk yield but may reflect the lower proportion of milk solids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Nutrient Profiling of Retail Goat and Cow Milk

et al. 2019

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Goat milk is globally consumed but nutritional profiling at retail level is scarce. This study compared the nutrient composition of retail cow and goat milk (basic solids, fatty acids, minerals, and phytoestrogens) throughout the year and quantified the potential implications on the consumers’ nutrient intakes. When compared to cow milk, goat milk demonstrated nutritionally desirable traits, such as lower concentrations of C12:0, C14:0, C16:0 and Na: K ratio, and the higher concentrations of cis polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), isoflavones, B, Cu, Mg, Mn, P and I, although the latter may be less desirable in cases of high milk intakes. However, in contrast with nutritional targets, it had lower concentrations of omega-3 PUFA, vaccenic acid, lignans, Ca, S and Zn. The extent of these differences was strongly influenced by season and may demonstrate a combination of differences on intrinsic species metabolism, and farm breeding/husbandry practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Nutrient Profiling of Retail Goat and Cow Milk

et al. 2019

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“…Of note, several of the casein alleles detected in the bezoar have been associated with dairy traits in domestic goats. For instance, the A and B alleles of the CSN1S1 gene determine a high content of α S1 -casein in milk and they increase milk protein, casein, and fat contents and improve cheese yield (reviewed in Martin et al, 1999;Moioli et al, 2007;Amills et al, 2012;Amills, 2014). The A allele of the CSN2 gene and the B allele of the CSN3 gene are also associated with a higher protein content (Caravaca et al, 2009;Vacca et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goat caseins α S1 , α S2 , β, and κ are encoded by the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, and CSN3 genes, respectively, which map to a 250-kb region on chromosome 6 in the order CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN1S2-CSN3 (Rijnkels, 2002). Polymorphisms in these 4 genes have been implicated in the variation of milk yield and composition (protein and fat contents) as well as in the determination of milk rheological properties and the yield and organoleptic attributes of cheese (reviewed in Martin et al, 1999;Moioli et al, 2007;Amills et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of the origins of extant casein variation in goats

Guan

Mármol-Sánchez

Cardoso

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The variation in the casein genes has a major impact on the milk composition of goats. Even though many casein polymorphisms have been identified so far, we do not know yet whether they are evolutionarily ancient (i.e., they existed before domestication) or young (i.e., they emerged after domestication). Herewith, we identified casein polymorphisms in a data set of 106 caprine whole-genome sequences corresponding to bezoars (Capra aegagrus, the ancestor of domestic goats) and 4 domestic goat (Capra hircus) populations from Europe, Africa, the Far East, and the Near East. Domestic and wild goat populations shared a substantial number of casein SNP, from 36.1% (CSN2) to 55.1% (CSN1S2). The comparison of casein variation among bezoars and the 4 domestic goat populations demonstrated that more than 50% of the casein SNP are shared by 2 or more populations, and 18 to 44% are shared by all populations. Moreover, the majority of casein alleles reported in domestic goats also segregate in the bezoar, including several alleles displaying significant associations with milk composition (e.g., the A/B alleles of the CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes, the A allele of the CSN2 gene). We conclude that much of the current diversity of the caprine casein genes comes from ancient standing variation segregating in the ancestor of modern domestic goats.

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“…Goats provide milk to humans more than any other dairy animal [2]. Specialization in milk production has made conversion of fiber to useable human nutrients very profitable [1]. Goat milk is generally consumed at a much larger margin than cow milk worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of goats to convert poorly digestible fiber into high-quality meat and milk has been a mainstay since 9,000 YBP [ 1 ]. Goats provide milk to humans more than any other dairy animal [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study towards Genomic Predictive Power for High Production and Quality of Milk in American Alpine Goats

Tilahun

Gipson

Alexander

et al. 2020

International Journal of Genomics

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This paper reports an exploratory study based on quantitative genomic analysis in dairy traits of American Alpine goats. The dairy traits are quality-determining components in goat milk, cheese, ice cream, etc. Alpine goat phenotypes for quality components have been routinely recorded for many years and deposited in the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB) repository. The data collected were used to conduct an exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS) from 72 female Alpine goats originating from locations throughout the U.S. Genotypes were identified with the Illumina Goat 50K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) BeadChip. The analysis used a polygenic model where the dropping criterion was a call rate≥0.95. The initial dataset was composed of ~60,000 rows of SNPs and 21 columns of phenotypic traits and composed of 53,384 scaffolds containing other informative data points used for genomic predictive power. Phenotypic association with the 50K BeadChip revealed 26,074 reads of candidate genes. These candidate genes segregated as separate novel SNPs and were identified as statistically significant regions for genome and chromosome level trait associations. Candidate genes associated differently for each of the following phenotypic traits: test day milk yield (13,469 candidate genes), test day protein yield (25,690 candidate genes), test day fat yield (25,690 candidate genes), percentage protein (25,690 candidate genes), percentage fat (25,690 candidate genes), and percentage lactose content (25,690 candidate genes). The outcome of this study supports elucidation of novel genes that are important for livestock species in association to key phenotypic traits. Validation towards the development of marker-based selection that provides precision breeding methods will thereby increase the breeding value.

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Genetic Factors that Regulate Milk Protein and Lipid Composition in Goats

Cited by 7 publications

References 135 publications

Comparative Nutrient Profiling of Retail Goat and Cow Milk

Comparative Nutrient Profiling of Retail Goat and Cow Milk

Genomic analysis of the origins of extant casein variation in goats

Genome-Wide Association Study towards Genomic Predictive Power for High Production and Quality of Milk in American Alpine Goats

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