Genetic evolution and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in southern China from 2011 to 2012

Wei, Chunya; Zhang, Minze; Chen, Ye; Xie, Jiexiong; Huang, Zhen; Zhu, Wanjun; Xu, Tingchuang; Cao, Zanxia; Zhou, Pei; Su, Shuo; Zhang, Guihong

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.041

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…PCV2c was further confirmed to be an extinct group of viruses, as no additional PCV2c sequence has been identified since the three PCV2c strains were initially reported . In a recent report from China, 68.2 % (45/66 samples) of the PCV2 positive samples were PCV2d (Wei et al, 2013), which confirms an earlier report implying PCV2d as the emerging and predominant PCV2 subtype in China (55 %; 22/40 samples) (Cai et al, 2012). Since the first identification of PCV2d in the US from a PCV2 vaccinated herd in 2012 (Xiao et al, 2012), the numbers of PCV2d sequences have increased considerably.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Global molecular genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) sequences confirms the presence of four main PCV2 genotypes and reveals a rapid increase of PCV2d

Xiao

Halbur

Opriessnig

2015

Journal of General Virology

227

282

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The oldest porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) sequence dates back to 1962 and is among several hundreds of publicly available PCV2 sequences. Despite this resource, few studies have investigated the global genetic diversity of PCV2. To evaluate the phylogenetic relationship of PCV2 strains, 1680 PCV2 open reading frame 2 (ORF2) sequences were compared and analysed by methods of neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood, Bayesian inference and network analysis. Four distinct clades were consistently identified and included PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c and PCV2d; the p-distance between PCV2d and PCV2b was 0.055±0.008, larger than the PCV2 genotype-definition cut-off of 0.035, supporting PCV2d as an independent genotype. Among the 1680 sequences, 278-285 (16.5-17 %) were classified as PCV2a, 1007-1058 (59.9-63 %) as PCV2b, three (0.2 %) as PCV2c and 322-323 (19.2 %) as PCV2d, with the remaining 12-78 sequences (0.7-4.6 %) classified as intermediate clades or strains by the various methods. Classification of strains to genotypes differed based on the number of sequences used for the analysis, indicating that sample size is important when determining classification and assessing PCV2 trends and shifts. PCV2d was initially identified in 1999 in samples collected in Switzerland, now appears to be widespread in China and has been present in North America since 2012. During 2012-2013, 37 % of all investigated PCV2 sequences from US pigs were classified as PCV2d and overall data analysis suggests an ongoing genotype shift from PCV2b towards PCV2d. The present analyses indicate that PCV2d emerged approximately 20 years ago.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Global molecular genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) sequences confirms the presence of four main PCV2 genotypes and reveals a rapid increase of PCV2d

Xiao

Halbur

Opriessnig

2015

Journal of General Virology

227

282

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“…In China, PCV2 was first detected in 1998 in a pig population with a variety of clinical symptoms [31]. At present, PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2d are the predominant genotypes in China, especially the PCV2b genotype [30]. Infection with PCV2 has been a very serious problem in China in recent years, and investigating the PCV genotype distribution will provide epidemiological information that will be beneficial for controlling disease in pigs in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) isolates from China with high homology to PCV2c

et al. 2016

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important emerging pathogen that has been causatively associated with multifactorial disease syndromes in pigs and other species. It has a worldwide distribution and causes significant economic losses in the swine industry. Its genome is dynamically evolving through recombination and mutation, and the circulating genotypes of PCV2 strains in Asia are PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d. In this study, 12 PCV isolates were evaluated and identified by amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, and the results revealed a new monophyletic group of PCV in China. More importantly, three of these isolates shared high homology within the ORF1 region with a strain of genotype PCV2c that was detected only in Denmark. Phylogeographic analysis of these isolates suggested that the isolates may have arisen in Denmark and that they were then transported to China.

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“…PMWS is the most common form of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD) and is characterized by wasting, decreased weight gain, dyspnea, jaundice and enlarged lymph nodes, as well as degeneration, necrosis of hepatocytes, multifocal lymphohistiocytic pneumonia, lymphocytic depletion and multinucleated giant cell formation [14][15][16]. Three open reading frames (ORFs -ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3) were recognized in the PCV2 genome [17]. While four genotypes of the virus were identifi ed (PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c and PCV2d), only three (PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d) are currently circulating and display a worldwide distribution [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Pseudorabies Virus (PrV), Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) in Swine in Republic of Montenegro

et al. 2016

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The presence of pseudorabies virus (PrV), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was examined in sixty samples (spleen and lymph nodes) and thirty samples of sacral ganglia collected from non-vaccinated swine by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using PCR method PrV was detected in three samples, PPV in seven samples and six samples were found positive for PCV2. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of three PrV isolates identifi ed in this study showed high similarity and signifi cant clustering within the PrV genotype I strains such as Kaplan and Bartha isolated from pigs in Hungary, strain Becker isolated in USA and strain Kolchis isolated in Greece. The nucleotide sequences of two PPV isolates showed high level of similarity with the strain Challenge isolated from pigs in UK, strain Kresse isolated in USA and strains 77 and LZ isolated in China. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of two PCV2 isolates showed high level of similarity and signifi cant clustering within genotype PCV2b strains such as NIVS-3, NIVS-5 and NIVS-6 isolated in Serbia, strain 3959 isolated in Austria, strain PM165 isolated from pigs in Brasil, and strain XT2008 isolated in China. The results of our study present the molecular characterization of PrV, PPV and PCV2 identifi ed in swine in Republic of Montenegro. Besides that, these results confi rmed that PCR is a very useful method for rapid detection of these viruses in subclinically infected swine.

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Genetic evolution and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in southern China from 2011 to 2012

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Global molecular genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) sequences confirms the presence of four main PCV2 genotypes and reveals a rapid increase of PCV2d

Global molecular genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) sequences confirms the presence of four main PCV2 genotypes and reveals a rapid increase of PCV2d

Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) isolates from China with high homology to PCV2c

Molecular Detection of Pseudorabies Virus (PrV), Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) in Swine in Republic of Montenegro

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