Genetic evidence for introgression between domestic pigs and wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) in Belgium and Luxembourg: a comparative approach with multiple marker systems

Frantz, Alain C.; Zachos, Frank E.; Kirschning, Julia; Cellina, Sandra; Bertouille, Sabine; Mamuris, Zissis; Koutsogiannouli, Evagelia A.; Burke, Terry

doi:10.1111/bij.12111

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The Polish WB populations we studied have some of Europe's highest levels of DS introgression. These levels are similar to those found in regions where DS are reared in semifree conditions (up to 10-20% in Canu et al 2016) or WB populations that have been restocked with captive-bred individuals that have been cross-bred with DS (27% in Frantz et al 2013). Since analysis using MC1R alleles is likely to severely underestimate the number of WB with a domestic ancestor (Frantz et al 2012, we cannot exclude the possibility that the real rate of introgression may be much higher than observed in this study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Nowadays, illegal and unauthorized hybridization in captivity and subsequent accidental escapes or intentional releases of captive-bred individuals constitutes the major source of the spread of domestic genes into wild boar populations (Koutsogiannouli et al 2010;Apollonio et al 2010;Frantz et al 2012Frantz et al , 2013McDevitt et al 2013;Canu et al 2014;Murakami et al 2014). We believe that high DS contribution to the local gene pool of free-living WB in Krajna and Kujawy may result from the clandestine release and/or escape of farmed WBs, that had been crossed with DS in captivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…One recent hypothesis is that introgressive hybridization between WB and DS increases WB fitness and invasiveness (García et al 2011;Frantz et al 2013;Goedbloed et al 2013a). However, the degree to which WB and DS hybridization occurs is currently uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sequence diversity at the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R ) locus is widely used to distinguish between meat originating from WB, DS, and their hybrids, as well as to detect introgression from DS into WB (Giuffra et al 2000;Koutsogiannouli et al 2010;Frantz et al 2013;Fontanesi et al 2014;Canu et al 2016). In addition, mtDNA sequencing, microsatellite genotyping, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay have been used to look for evidence of introgression (Giuffra et al 2000;Scandura et al 2008, 2011b, Frantz et al 2012, 2013, Goedbloed et al 2013bHerreroMedrano et al 2013;Iacolina et al 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High domestic pig contribution to the local gene pool of free-living European wild boar: a case study in Poland

et al. 2017

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Rates of hybridization between wild and domesticated animals appear to be increasing worldwide. Recent results suggest that genetic introgression from domestic swine into European wild boar is much more common in local populations than expected, based on pan-European studies. Thus, we screened the genetic purity of 265 free-living wild boars from two hunting areas in Poland by genotyping the melanocortin receptor 1 gene (MC1R) for polymorphism. Unexpectedly, high numbers of individuals with domestic genes (24%) were identified. This suggests that mixed ancestry may be common in Polish wild boar. Among admixed individuals, backcrosses with domestic pig and/or introgressed wild boars were detected (2%). Multiple commercial domestic pig breeds are possibly involved in the introgression observed in the study populations. In addition, the absence of significant differences in the frequency of wildtype allele among two hunting areas suggests high dispersal of individuals and gene flow among populations. We conclude that further study is needed to better understand the mechanisms and sources of introgression in wild boars in Poland.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High domestic pig contribution to the local gene pool of free-living European wild boar: a case study in Poland

et al. 2017

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“…This threshold is crucial, and there is always a trade-off between assignment efficiency and accuracy. The selection of this threshold has varied between 0.01 and 0.2, depending on the hybridization study (McDevitt et al 2009;Senn and Pemberton 2009;Frantz et al 2013). In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the adegenet (Jombart 2008) and ade4 (Dray and Dufour 2007) packages in R v.2.12.1 (R Development Core Team 2010).…”

Section: Microsatellite Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests of multiple molecular markers for the identification of Great Spotted and Syrian Woodpeckers and their hybrids

et al. 2014

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Great Spotted and Syrian Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major and D. syriacus) are known to hybridize in nature; however, the extent of this phenomenon is not known due to difficulties in hybrid detection based on plumage analyses. Here, we tested five markers (one mitochondrial and four nuclear) and a set of six microsatellite loci for the identification of these two Woodpeckers and their hybrids. Sequencing of DNA from 26 individuals of both Woodpeckers from different parts of their ranges: one allopatric (D. major; Norway) and two sympatric (Poland and Bulgaria) showed that both species can be clearly separated based on all sequence markers. The highest number of fixed nucleotide sites were found in the mtDNA control region and intron 5 of the transforming growth factor. Analyses of microsatellite data distinguished the two species, but all loci showed a large number of common alleles and their utility in identifying hybrids is therefore doubtful. According to the DNA sequence analyses, 2 out of 18 specimens within the sympatric range in Poland were identified as possible hybrids, most probably paternal backcrosses. Moreover, both hybrids are from synantropic populations (settled in cities), whereas none of the D. major sampled in forests and in its allopatric range (Norway) showed signs of an intermixed genotype. Further research on hybridization and introgression in woodpeckers is undoubtedly needed and could be useful for understanding ecological and ethological interactions among these species, particularly for D. syriacus, which is relatively rare in Europe.

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A standardized method for quantifying unidirectional genetic introgression

Karlsson

Diserud

Moen

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Genetic introgression of domesticated to wild conspecifics is of great concern to the genetic integrity and viability of the wild populations. Therefore, we need tools that can be used for monitoring unidirectional gene flow from domesticated to wild populations. A challenge to quantitation of unidirectional gene flow is that both the donor and the recipient population may be genetically substructured and that the subpopulations are subjected to genetic drift and may exchange migrants between one another. We develop a standardized method for quantifying and monitoring domesticated to wild gene flow and demonstrate its usefulness to farm and wild Atlantic salmon as a model species. The challenge of having several wild and farm populations was circumvented by in silico generating one analytical center point for farm and wild salmon, respectively. Distributions for the probability that an individual is wild were generated from individual-based analyses of observed wild and farm genotypes using STRUCTURE. We show that estimates of proportions of the genome being of domesticated origin in a particular wild population can be obtained without having a historical reference sample for the same population. The main advantages of the method presented are the standardized way in which genetic processes within and between populations are taken into account, and the individual-based analyses giving estimates for each individual independent of other individuals. The method makes use of established software, and as long as genetic markers showing generic genetic differences between domesticated and wild populations are available, it can be applied to all species with unidirectional gene flow. Results from our method are easy to interpret and understand, and will serve as a powerful tool for management, especially because there is no need for a specific historical wild reference sample.

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Genetic evidence for introgression between domestic pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Belgium and Luxembourg: a comparative approach with multiple marker systems

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

High domestic pig contribution to the local gene pool of free-living European wild boar: a case study in Poland

High domestic pig contribution to the local gene pool of free-living European wild boar: a case study in Poland

Tests of multiple molecular markers for the identification of Great Spotted and Syrian Woodpeckers and their hybrids

A standardized method for quantifying unidirectional genetic introgression

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