Genetic effects on fatty acid composition of carcass fat of Japanese Black Wagyu steers

Oka, Akio; Iwaki, Fumiyuki; Dohgo, Taiji; Ohtagaki, Susumu; Noda, Masanobu; Shiozaki, Takuhei; Endoh, O; Ozaki, Michiko Regina

doi:10.2527/2002.8041005x

Cited by 100 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The BMS value determined in this study was found to be higher than the value (4.0) reported by Oka et al (2002), using Japanese Black steers fattened in a similar fattening test. However, the present value is similar to the value of 7.1, which was reported by Inoue et al (2008), using steers and heifers.…”

Section: Phenotypic Measurementscontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…However, the present value is similar to the value of 7.1, which was reported by Inoue et al (2008), using steers and heifers. In addition, the average values for fatty acid composition and MUFA were found to be similar to those of intramuscular adipose tissue of M. longissimus reported by Oka et al (2002), although the percentages of saturated fatty acids in their report were slightly higher and those of unsaturated fatty acids and MUFA were slightly lower than the percentages determined in this study.…”

Section: Phenotypic Measurementssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Genetic influences, such as breed (Yoshimura and Namikawa, 1985;May et al, 1993) and sire (Xie et al, 1996), have also been reported, including sire-based differentiation in Japanese Black cattle (Oka et al, 2002). However, to genetically improve MP and fatty acid composition, -E-mail: k1inoue@nlbc.go.jp it is necessary to confirm the relationship between these traits and BMS by estimating genetic parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic parameters for fatty acid composition and feed efficiency traits in Japanese Black cattle

Inoue

Kobayashi²,

Shoji³

et al. 2011

Animal

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We estimated the genetic parameters related to feed intake (FI), feed efficiency traits (including feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) of digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN)), beef marbling score (BMS), melting point of fat (MP) and fatty acid composition. Fat and meat (Musculus trapezius) samples were taken from the carcasses of 863 Japanese Black steers derived from 65 sires, for determination of the MP and fatty acid composition of the total lipid in intramuscular adipose tissue. Genetic parameters were estimated using uni-and bivariate animal models. In addition, pedigree information for 4841 animals was used. Heritability estimates for BMS, MP, individual fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), the ratio of saturated fatty acids to MUFA (MUS) and the ratio of elongation (ELONG) were generally high. The FI values of TDN and DCP were also high, but FCRs and RFIs of those were low (0.09 to 0.22). Genetic correlation of BMS with MP was 20.34 (favorable) and with C18:1, MUFA, MUS and ELONG values were 0.40, 0.28, 0.29 and 0.37, respectively (favorable). Genetic correlations of MP with C18:1, MUFA, MUS and ELONG were negative (also favorable) and high (20.85, 20.98, 21.00 (20.996) and 20.66, respectively). The correlation estimates for feed efficiency traits of DCP were quite similar to those of TDN. Genetic correlations of BMS with FCRs and RFIs of TDN and DCP were all positive (unfavorable; 0.21 to 0.51), and in particular, the correlations with RFIs of those were high. The correlations of C18:1, MUFA, MUS and ELONG with RFIs of TDN and DCP were positive (unfavorable) but low (0.06 to 0.17), whereas the corresponding correlations with FCRs of those were all negative (favorable; 20.38 to 20.10). These results suggest that the quantity and quality of beef fat can be simultaneously improved and that the quality of beef fat (fatty acid composition) can be improved directly or indirectly with MP. Furthermore, selecting MP or fatty acid traits does not significantly affect feed efficiency.Keywords: genetic parameter, beef cattle, fatty acid composition, feed efficiency ImplicationsFat quantity and fat quality traits have high heritability estimates and show favorable genetic relationships with each other. Some genetic relationships between fat quality traits and feed efficiency traits are unfavorable, but all of these are weak relationships. These results indicate that it may be convenient to improve fat quality traits genetically and to simultaneously improve the quantity and quality of beef fat. Furthermore, selecting fat quality traits does not significantly affect feed efficiency. We can expect to improve the quality of beef fat without reducing feed utilization efficiency.

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Section: Phenotypic Measurementscontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Phenotypic Measurementssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic parameters for fatty acid composition and feed efficiency traits in Japanese Black cattle

Inoue

Kobayashi²,

Shoji³

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…Quantity is the outcome of muscle fibre hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Hyperplastic growth in utero is primarily dependent on myocyte proliferation and differentiation (Oka et al, 2002). Post-natal growth is mainly the result of hypertrophy or enlargement of existing and replaced muscle fibres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key signalling factors and pathways in the molecular determination of skeletal muscle phenotype

Chang

2007

Animal

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The molecular basis and control of the biochemical and biophysical properties of skeletal muscle, regarded as muscle phenotype, are examined in terms of fibre number, fibre size and fibre types. A host of external factors or stimuli, such as ligand binding and contractile activity, are transduced in muscle into signalling pathways that lead to protein modifications and changes in gene expression which ultimately result in the establishment of the specified phenotype. In skeletal muscle, the key signalling cascades include the Ras-extracellular signal regulated kinase-mitogen activated protein kinase (Erk-MAPK), the phosphatidylinositol 3 0 -kinase (PI3K)-Akt1, p38 MAPK, and calcineurin pathways. The molecular effects of external factors on these pathways revealed complex interactions and functional overlap. A major challenge in the manipulation of muscle of farm animals lies in the identification of regulatory and target genes that could effect defined and desirable changes in muscle quality and quantity. To this end, recent advances in functional genomics that involve the use of micro-array technology and proteomics are increasingly breaking new ground in furthering our understanding of the molecular determinants of muscle phenotype.

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“…Activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in leukocytes are considered to reflect the metabolic states in animal tissues [2,3,24]. On the other hand, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are different between dairy and beef cattle [12,15,20,22]. It has been reported that Japanese Black heifers have higher plasma insulin level at 18 mo of age than at or before 12 mo of age, whilst Holstein heifers have very similar values at all stages [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Enzyme Activities in Plasma and Leukocytes in Dairy and Beef Cattle

Arai

Inoue

Takeguchi

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Concentrations of plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acid (FFA) and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern in plasma and leukocytes were investigated in lactating Hols tein cows (dairy cattle) and fattening Japanese Black Wagyu x Holstein steers (beef cattle). IRI concentrations and LDH and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in the plasma of beef cattle were significantly higher than those in dairy cattle. The cytosolic rat io of MDH/ LDH activity in the leukocytes of beef cattle was significantly higher than that of dairy cattle. These findings might be associated with the different energy metabolism between dairy and beef cattle. KEY WORDS: beef cattle, insulin, malate dehydrogenase.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 65(11): 1241-1243, 2003 It has been reported that activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism including ATP production in peripheral leukocytes are very variable in animal species [23,24]. In particular, activities of enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which has a very important role in the transfer from cytosolic NADH to mitochondrial NADH [13], change remarkably according to variation in energy metabolism of animals [2]. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a tetrameric molecule made up of four subunits of the two parent molecules, the H and M subunits, and each tissue has a characteristic composition of isoenzymes [8]. The isoenzyme patterns of LDH are variable in plasma and leukocytes of each animal species [24]. Activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in leukocytes are considered to reflect the metabolic states in animal tissues [2,3,24]. On the other hand, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations are different between dairy and beef cattle [12,15,20,22]. It has been reported that Japanese Black heifers have higher plasma insulin level at 18 mo of age than at or before 12 mo of age, whilst Holstein heifers have very similar values at all stages [19].In the present study, activities of enzymes in the malateaspartate shuttle and LDH and LDH isoenzyme pattern were determined in plasma and peripheral leukocytes of the lactating dairy cattle and the fattening beef cattle to clarify one aspect of the differences in energy metabolism between the dairy and beef cattle.Eight lactating dairy Holstein cows (5 to 8 years old) maintained with good quality hay and concentrates in the Fuji Animal Farm of our university and four fattening Japanese Black Wagyu × Holstein steers (2 years old) kept with high concentrate feed at a farm in Shimane Prefecture were used. Blood was withdrawn from the jugular vein into heparinized tubes, with the animals at rest and unfasted. The plasma was recovered by centrifugation at 4°C. Leukocytes were isolated by centrifugation with a lymphocyte-isolating solution (ICN Biochemical Inc., Aurora, OH, U.S.A.). Cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of leukocytes were prepared by the method described previously [23]. The activities of the enzymes were measured by using reported met...

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Genetic effects on fatty acid composition of carcass fat of Japanese Black Wagyu steers

Cited by 100 publications

References 24 publications

Genetic parameters for fatty acid composition and feed efficiency traits in Japanese Black cattle

Genetic parameters for fatty acid composition and feed efficiency traits in Japanese Black cattle

Key signalling factors and pathways in the molecular determination of skeletal muscle phenotype

Comparison of Enzyme Activities in Plasma and Leukocytes in Dairy and Beef Cattle

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