Genetic effects of chromium compounds

Bianchi, Vera; Celotti, Lucia; Lanfranchi, Gerolamo; Majone, Franca; Marin, G.; Montaldi, A.; Sponza, Giovanni; Tamino, Gianni; Venier, Paola; Zantedeschi, A.; Levis, Angelo Gino

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(83)90128-3

Cited by 141 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Once inside the cell, Cr3+ is located in the cytosol (SAYATO et al 1980;YAMAMOTO et al 1981). The strong binding of Cr3+ to DNA contributes to the reduction of Cr3+ solubility, stabilization of the double-strand structure of DNA (LEVIS et al 1978), and possible causation of mutations and chromosomal damage (LEONARD and LAUWERYS 1980;SUNDEMAN 1979;BIANCHI et al 1983). That Cr is a metal probably also contributes to its toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth and cell division of Allium cepa

Liu

Jiang

2008

Hereditas

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The effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth, cell division and chromosome morphology of ANium cepa were studied. The concentrations used of chromium nitrate and potassium dichromate were 2 x lo-', 2 x 2 x loW3, 2 x loW4, 2 x loW5, 2 x 10W6, and 2 x 10W7M. The results showed that both trivalent and hexavalent chromium inhibit root growth and cause mitotic irregularities comprising c-mitosis, anaphase bridges, chromosome stickiness, and chromosome fragmentation and lagging. When compared with chromium nitrate on the equimolar basis, potassium dichromate showed a stronger inhibitory and toxic effect on root growth and cell division, respectively. The possible mechanism of the Cr poisoning of root meristem cells of Allium cepa is also briefly discussed. Donghua Liu and Wusheng Materials and methodsHealthy and equal-sized bulbs were chosen from a population of the common onion Allium cepa L. (2n = 16). The onions had neither started shooting of green leaves nor started any growth of roots. Before starting the experiment, the outer dry scales of the bulbs were removed and the ring of the root primordia was left intact. 12 onions were the starting material in each series and the best 10 onions were selected on day 1 or day 2 for the continued test ( FISKESJ~ 1988).The concentrations used of chromium nitrate (Cr(NO,), . 9H20) and potassium dichromate (K,Cr,O,) were 2 x lo-', 2 x ]OW2, 2 x lo-,, 2 x 2 x 2 x lop6, and 2 x lO-'M. The solutions were prepared in tap water. Control roots were treated with tap water. The onions were placed directly in the test liquids, which were changed regularly every day. The bulbs were allowed to germinate producing roots in beakers at room temperature, 21"C, for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Macroscopic observations were made at the end of each time interval. The roots were cut and fixed in Carnoy's fixative (3 parts 95 % ethanokl part acetic acid, glacial) for 48 h, followed by squashing

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth and cell division of Allium cepa

Liu

Jiang

2008

Hereditas

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“…According to Sugiyama (1992), hexavalent chromate enters cells via the surface transport system and inside the cell it is reduced to trivalent Genetics and Molecular Biology, 29, 1, 148-158 (2006) Copyright by the Brazilian Society of Genetics. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br chromium which induces genotoxic effects in the cell (Bianchi et al, 1983). However, if trivalent chromium has access to the intracellular medium through processes such as pinocytosis and endocytosis or by the reduction of hexavalent chromium inside the cell it acts directly on DNA and causes more damage than when it continues in the chromate form (Matsumoto, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water contaminated with tannery effluents, as evaluated by the micronucleus test and comet assay using the fish Oreochromis niloticus and chromosome aberrations in onion root-tips

et al. 2006

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Cytotoxicity of metals is important because some metals are potential mutagens able to induce tumors in humans and experimental animals. Chromium can damage DNA in several ways, including DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) which generate chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchange, formation of DNA adducts and alterations in DNA replication and transcription. In our study, water samples from three sites in the Córrego dos Bagres stream in the Franca municipality of the Brazilian state of São Paulo were subjected to the comet assay and micronucleus test using erythrocytes from the fish Oreochromis niloticus. Nuclear abnormalities of the erythrocytes included blebbed, notched and lobed nuclei, probably due to genotoxic chromium compounds. The greatest comet assay damage occurred with water from a chromium-containing tannery effluent discharge site, supporting the hypothesis that chromium residues can be genotoxic. The mutagenicity of the water samples was assessed using the onion root-tip cell assay, the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities observed being: c-metaphases, stick chromosome, chromosome breaks and losses, bridged anaphases, multipolar anaphases, and micronucleated and binucleated cells. Onion root-tip cell mutagenicity was highest for water samples containing the highest levels of chromium.

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“…This appears to be due to the selective penetration of cells by chromate (CrO42-) anions (9,10). Once in the cell, Cr(VI) is subject to reduction by a wide variety of cellular reductants (11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Repair and Mutagenesis of Chromium-Induced DNA Damage in Yeast, Mammalian Cells, and Transgenic Mice

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Dixon³

1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Genetic effects of chromium compounds

Cited by 141 publications

References 37 publications

Effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth and cell division of Allium cepa

Effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium on root growth and cell division of Allium cepa

Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water contaminated with tannery effluents, as evaluated by the micronucleus test and comet assay using the fish Oreochromis niloticus and chromosome aberrations in onion root-tips

Analysis of Repair and Mutagenesis of Chromium-Induced DNA Damage in Yeast, Mammalian Cells, and Transgenic Mice

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