Genetic diversity of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 from Sabah, Malaysia 2015

Zaw, Myo Thura; Emran, Nor Amalina; Ibrahim, Mohd Yusof; Suleiman, Maria; Mohd, Tajul Ariffin Awang; Yusuff, Aza Sherin; Naing, Khin Saw; Myint, Than; Jikal, Muhammad; Salleh, Mohd Azmi; Wang, Qisheng

doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2018.01.003

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our PFGE findings concurred with an earlier study by Zaw et al. (2019), indicating a genetically diverse V. cholerae O1 El Tor variants population has been circulating in Sabah since the 2000s. Although working with a limited sample pool, a comparison of the CTXΦ arrangements among the V. cholerae strains in this study revealed that the outbreak strains isolated in 1991 were El Tor strains, while sporadic strains isolated between 2008 and 2011 comprised of El Tor variants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The co-existence of the different genotypes of El Tor variants in this region supported the hypothesis on the multiclonal independent occurrence of El Tor variants(Raychoudhuri et al, 2008;Safa et al, 2010).The Sabah state located in East Malaysia has been the cholera endemic region of the country throughout the past decades(MOH, 2020). Our PFGE findings concurred with an earlier study byZaw et al (2019), indicating a genetically diverse V. cholerae O1 El Tor variants population has been circulating in Sabah since the 2000s. Although working with a limited sample pool, a comparison of the CTXΦ arrangements among the V. cholerae strains in this study revealed that the outbreak strains isolated in 1991 were El Tor strains, while sporadic strains isolated between 2008 and 2011 comprised of El Tor variants.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

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Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in Malaysia revealed genetically diverse variant lineages

Thong

Tham²,

Ngoi

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variants have been the major causative agents of cholera worldwide since their emergence in the 2000s. Cholera remains endemic in some regions in Malaysia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of the V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases to elucidate the molecular evolution among the strains circulating in this region. A total of 45 V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated between 1991 and 2011 were examined. All strains were subjected to phenotypic characterization, and molecular characterization including detection of virulence genes and CTX prophage (CTXΦ) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and genotyping by Pulsed‐Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). All strains were phenotypically confirmed as El Tor biotype and were mostly Ogawa serotype (96%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the outbreak strains isolated in 1991 (Sabah) and 2009 (Terengganu) were all multidrug‐resistant while the sporadic strains were resistant to erythromycin and furazolidone only. All strains (n = 45) were resistant to erythromycin. The virulence genes ctxA, ctxB, ompW, rfb, rtxC, tcpA, tcpI, rstR, zot and hlyA were present in all strains. The outbreak strains isolated in 1991 harboured El Tor cholera toxin gene (ctxB3) while sporadic strains from 2004 to 2011 harboured classical ctxB1. Four distinctive CTXΦ arrays were identified among the El Tor variants, one of which co‐occurred with El Tor strains during the 2009 outbreak in Terengganu. PFGE analysis revealed that a genetically diverse El Tor variants population persisted in Sabah. The co‐existence of multiple El Tor variants together with the prototypic El Tor strains suggested a multiclonal emergence of V. cholerae O1 El Tor variants in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

supporting

confidence: 92%

Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in Malaysia revealed genetically diverse variant lineages

Thong

Tham²,

Ngoi

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…The organisms in such an environment thereafter muster survival strategies, using developed immunity [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], multiple patho-genetically diverse genes [ 4 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], multiple biochemical pathways [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] and multiple epidemiological (pandemic/epidemic) variants virulent determinants [ 18 , 19 ]. In the environment, various antimicrobial/chemical agents have been released as waste and/or applied either to kill or reduce the quantity of bacterial (as bacteriocides) in both terrestrial and aquaculture [ 28 ] which have also encouraged development of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) amongst halophilic pathogens such as V. cholerae [ 29 ]. Such antibiotic resistances amongst environmental bacterial specie pose threats to both humans and the environment as there is possibility of transfer or sharing of multiple drug resistant genes amongst potential pathogens via horizontal gene transfer [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the detection/visualization of such molecular based resistant genotypes involve using agarose gel electrophoresis with standardized Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique as applied in various studies [ 6 , 36 ]. The successful thriving of V. cholerae in the water environment may expose the potential pathogen to the problem of failure to control as the potential pathogen may have acquired multiple antibiotic resistant genes from the environment [ 29 ]. Such attribute of V. cholerae especially the environmental strains amongst safe water deprived Municipalities remains a concern, as unhealthy water release may encourage spread/acquisition of resistance and genomic island [ 12 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) Reports: A Basis for Environmental/Epidemiological Surveillance and Infection Control Amongst Environmental Vibrio cholerae

Igere

Okoh

Nwodo

2020

IJERPH

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Distribution, investigation, surveillance and control (DISC) of cholera outbreaks in endemic/non-endemic regions has been a concerted approach towards the management of the causal pathogen. Relevant organization, government, health systems and the public have implemented several steps towards controlling the menace, yet pathogen continues to occur with diverse phenotypes/genotypes of high clinical and epidemiological relevance. The study determines antibiotic susceptibility/resistance pattern of Vibrio cholerae isolates retrieved from six domestic water sources between March and August 2018. Serological and molecular typing methods (polymerase chain reaction or PCR) were used to confirm the isolates identity. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using six commonly employed antibiotics of V. cholerae according to the recommendation of Clinical Laboratory Standard and European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with other relevant antibiotics of investigative epidemiology and infection control, employing both disc diffusion test and PCR gene detection. Samples presumptive counts ranged between 1.10 to 7.91 log10 CFU/mL. Amongst the 759 presumptive isolates retrieved, sixty-one were confirmed as V. cholerae which were further serogrouped as Non-O1/Non-O139 V. cholerae. Various V. cholerae resistant phenotypes/genoytypes were detected vis: carbapenemase (CR-Vc; 31.1%/5.3%). New Delhi Metallobetalactamase (NDM-1-Vc; 23.0%/42.5%), extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL-Vc; 42.6%/blaTEM:86,7%), chloramphenicol resistance (62.3%/Flor: 46.2%}, tetracycline resistance (70.5%/46.7%), AmpC resistance (21.0 (34.4%/56.7%)) and various other resistant genotypes/phenotypes. It was observed that more than 50% of the confirmed V. cholerae isolates possess resistance to two or more antibiotic classes/groups with multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) ranging from 0.031 to 0.5. This observation provides necessary information and updates for surveillance, planning and implementation of control strategies for cholera. It would also encourage decision making, formulation of policy by the government and cholera control authorities.

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“…Malaysia is categorized as non-endemic to cholera but several sporadic outbreaks have occurred in the past. Cholera is still a major health problem in northern Borneo, including the Malaysian state of Sabah (Zaw et al, 2019). To date, cholera outbreaks in Malaysia have been caused by V. cholerae serogroup O1, El Tor strain, whilst O139 serogroup and non-O1/non-O139 serogroup cases have occurred sporadically and have not been implicated in any major outbreak (Ang et al, 2010;Teh et al, 2012;Jikal et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare and unusual cause of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 causing spontaneous peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis

et al. 2021

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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 is a rare phenomenon. V. cholerae is known as a common aetiology of epidemic diarrheal disease and rarely causes extra-gastrointestinal infections. In this report, a 52-year-old man presented to our hospital with a clinical scenario for chronic liver cirrhosis with low grade fever and loose stools. V. cholerae was isolated from peritoneal fluid culture, which was further confirmed as non-O1/ non-O139 strain by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The patient was successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy and peritoneal drainage. This case represents the first isolation of V. cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 strain from peritoneal fluid.

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Genetic diversity of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 from Sabah, Malaysia 2015

Abstract: This study revealed that V.cholerae in Sabah were genetically diverse and were atypical El Tor strains. Fingerprint patterns of these isolates will be useful in tracing the origin of this pathogen in the future.

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in Malaysia revealed genetically diverse variant lineages

Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in Malaysia revealed genetically diverse variant lineages

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) Reports: A Basis for Environmental/Epidemiological Surveillance and Infection Control Amongst Environmental Vibrio cholerae

A rare and unusual cause of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 causing spontaneous peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis

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