Genetic diversity of spring viraemia of carp virus isolates based on the glycoprotein gene

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a virus belonging to the genus Aquabirnavirus and family Birnaviridae (Abdullah, Olsen, Hodneland, & Rimstad, 2015). The virus was first isolated in North America in 1960 and later was diagnosed in Europe and Japan. Now, it seems to be a significant and the most widespread virus in global freshwater aquaculture (Alonso, Rodriguez, & Perez-Prieto, 1999). The virus has been isolated from many fish species, crustacea and molluscs (Alonso, Rodriguez Saint-Jean, & Perez-Prieto, 2003; Castric, 1997). Highly virulent strains can result in more than 90% mortality in hatchery stock, and the fish which survive an infection can remain lifelong, asymptomatic carriers of the virus. In 2016, in China virus caused mass mortality in farmed rainbow trout. Signs such as decreased appetite, mucous-like stools and darkened pigmentation were observed. In addition, marked vacuolar degeneration of the pancreatic cells with pyknotic nucleus and decreased zymogen granules, severe haemorrhage in the liver and tumidness of respiratory epithelium in gills were observed (Zhu et al., 2017). During October 2009, an outbreak of infectious pancreatic necrosis, with typical signs and high mortality, was observed in cultured rainbow trout fry in a recirculating system in Fars Province, Iran. Fish were lethargic, had poor appetite and showed erratic swimming behaviour. Dark coloration of the skin, abdominal distension, mild-to-moderate exophthalmia,

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Phylogenetic characterization of Polish isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in salmonid fish

Maj‐Paluch

Matras

Borzym

et al. 2020

“…The G gene, which exhibits relatively high genetic diversity compared to other genes, is widely used to infer intraspecific phylogeography of viral species (Kuzmin et al, 2009). Previously, only SVCV a and d groups were commonly reported as causing outbreaks in carp fish farms in Europe and North America (Maj‐Paluch et al, 2016). The phylogenetic analysis of Serbian isolates based on the G gene indicates that most of the SVCV outbreaks in Serbia were caused by viruses belonging to the SVCV d group (Table 2), with only one outbreak caused by SVCV b, previously reported in Moldova, Ukraine and Russia (Rud et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of spring viraemia of carp virus isolated in Serbia

Radosavljevic,

Cuenca,

Wood

et al. 2023

Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) is an infectious disease responsible for severe economic losses for various cyprinid species, particularly common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio). The causative agent is the Rhabdovirus carpio or SVC virus (SVCV), a member of the Sprivivirus genus, within the Rhabdoviridae family. Phylogenetically, SVCV is divided into four genogroups (SVCV a, SVCV b, SVCV c and SVCV d), which have a reasonable correlation with the geographical distribution of the virus. In the late twentieth century, the disease was widespread in Serbian aquaculture and caused massive deaths in common carp. This study aimed to molecularly characterize the circulating SVCV isolates in Serbia over a 17‐year period. The genetic relationships between 21 SVCV isolates from common carp and rainbow trout in Serbia between 1992 and 2009 were determined based on the partial nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gene (G gene). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the dominant SVCV isolates in Serbia belong to the SVCV d genogroup, with only one isolate belonging to genogroup SVCV b. The SVCV strains circulating in Serbia exhibited high homogeneity, as several isolates shared 100% similarity within these genogroups. Most Serbian isolates belonged to SVCV d1 and d2 subgroups, with one isolate notably different and included in a new subgroup SVCV d5. Understanding the SVCV genetic variants circulating in Serbia would be helpful in future epizootic investigations.

“…It has been shown that genetic variation among target viruses could affect the primer binding and PCR assay, causing false negative results (Osman et al, ). Sequence variations of Spring viremia of carp isolated from different geographic locations have been reported (Maj‐Paluch et al, ). D. Vazquez (Vazquez et al., ) developed an RT‐qPCR method that is specific for the detection of seven strains and 23 field viral isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Template dilution 10 À1 10 À2 10 À3 10 À4 10 À5 10 À6 10 À7 10 À8 variations of Spring viremia of carp isolated from different geographic locations have been reported (Maj-Paluch et al, 2016). D.…”

Section: Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Development and validation of a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for tilapia lake virus detection in clinical samples and experimentally challenged fish

Tattiyapong

Sirikanchana

Surachetpong

2017

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging pathogen associated with high mortalities of wild and farm-raised tilapia in different countries. In this study, a SYBR green-based reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay targeting segment three of the virus was developed to detect and quantify TiLV in clinical samples and experimentally challenged fish. All 30 field samples with clinical signs and history consistent with TiLV infection were positive for TiLV as detected by the developed RT-qPCR method. The RT-qPCR technique provided 100 and 10,000 times more sensitive for virus detection than those offered by the RT-PCR and virus isolation in cell culture methods, respectively. The detection limit of the RT-qPCR method was as low as two viral copies/μl. Moreover, the RT-qPCR technique could be applied for TiLV detection in various fish tissues including gills, liver, brain, heart, anterior kidney and spleen. Significantly, this study delivered an accurate and reliable method for rapid detection of TiLV viruses that facilitates active surveillance programme and disease containment.