Genetic Diversity of HIV Type 1 Subtype C<i>env</i>Gene Sequences from India

Khan, Iram; Vajpayee, Madhu; Prasad, V.V.S.P.; Seth, Pradeep

doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0036

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The subtype C strains clustered together along with the Indian reference strain (95IN216068). Previous studies performed in different parts of the country also corroborate the predominance of HIV-1 subtype C strains in India [35, 36]. Interestingly, along with subtype C, one stnain each of subtype B and subtype A1 were also found in our patient population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates in Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve Population from Northern India

Sinha

Ahmad

Shekhar

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Treatment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. The increased use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV, adversely leading to the emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR). In this study we aim to evaluate the prevalence of HIVDR mutations in ART-naive HIV-1 infected patients from northern India.Design. Analysis was performed using Viroseq genotyping system based on sequencing of entire protease and two-thirds of the Reverse Transcriptase (RT) region ofpolgene.Results. Seventy three chronic HIV-1 infected ART naïve patients eligible for first line ART were enrolled from April 2006 to August 2008. In 68 patients DNA was successfully amplified and sequencing was done. 97% of HIV-1 strains belonged to subtype C, and one each to subtype A1 and subtype B. The overall prevalence of primary DRMs was 2.9% [2/68, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3%–10.2%]. One patient had a major RT mutation M184V, known to confer resistance to lamivudine, and another had a major protease inhibitor (PI) mutation D30N that imparts resistance to nelfinavir.Conclusion. Our study shows that primary HIVDR mutations have a prevalence of 2.9% among ART-naive chronic HIV-1 infected individuals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates in Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve Population from Northern India

Sinha

Ahmad

Shekhar

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Treatment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Suggesting thereby, much of the current Indian epidemic is descended from a single introduction into the country [21]. In an assessment of the Phylogenetic relationships among subtype C sequences from eleven different countries including India, an overall star-like phylogeny was observed [10]. Unlike sequences from South Africa and Botswana, which are scattered in numerous lineages, almost all sequences from India formed a monophyletic lineage, which is lying close to the sequences.…”

Section: The Indian Scenariomentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolution of HIV-1 in India

Seth¹

2010

Indian J. Virol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nearly 25 years after the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) effective control of the AIDS pandemic remains elusive. At the root of this challenge is the evolution of this virus to elude immune control. Error-prone nature of replication and retro-transcription is the hallmark of this virus. This fidelity of replication in HIV-1 is due to the absence of proof-reading/repair and post-replicative error correction mechanisms that normally operate during replication of DNA viruses. Advances in sequencing technology and expanded disease surveillance have allowed researchers to characterize the variation in HIV-1 around the world and within individual patient overtime. Although HIV-1 has been classified into distinct subtypes, the classification does not reflect dynamic genetic evolution of HIV-1 through which new strains are constantly emerging. The resultant viral diversity has implications for differential rates of disease progression in different geographical areas, differential responses to antiretroviral therapy (including the development of resistance), and vaccine development. In this review evolution of HIV-1 in India is discussed.

show abstract

“…[54][55][56] A breakdown of HIV-1 in Yunnan includes CRF07_BC (18.9%), CRF08_BC (39.1%), and CRF01_AE (22.4%) 57 ; pol sequences in newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals from Dehong county, Yunnan, showed that subtype C accounted for 43.1%, URF for 18.4%, CRF01_AE for 17.7%, B for 10.7%, CRF08_BC for 8.4%, and CRF07_BC for 1.7% 58 ; near-full-genome sequencing results show that many new CRFs have been generated in this region. [59][60][61][62] In India, subtype C is the predominant circulating subtype, [63][64][65][66] irrespective of the route of transmission, 67,68 and has been reported as one of the parental strains of CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC in China. 69 URFs of subtype C with B¢ are increasing, especially in the northeastern states.…”

Section: Hiv-1 Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Epidemic in Asia: Implications for HIV Vaccine and Other Prevention Trials

Phanuphak

Shao³

et al. 2015

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An overall decrease of HIV prevalence is now observed in several key Asian countries due to effective prevention programs. The decrease in HIV prevalence and incidence may further improve with the scale-up of combination prevention interventions. The implementation of future prevention trials then faces important challenges. The opportunity to identify heterosexual populations at high risk such as female sex workers may rapidly wane. With unabating HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender (TG) populations, an effective vaccine would likely be the only option to turn the epidemic. It is more likely that efficacy trials will occur among MSM and TG because their higher HIV incidence permits smaller and less costly trials. The constantly evolving patterns of HIV-1 diversity in the region suggest close monitoring of the molecular HIV epidemic in potential target populations for HIV vaccine efficacy trials. CRF01_AE remains predominant in southeast Asian countries and MSM populations in China. This relatively steady pattern is conducive to regional efficacy trials, and as efficacy warrants, to regional licensure. While vaccines inducing nonneutralizing antibodies have promise against HIV acquisition, vaccines designed to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses of greater breadth and depth in the mucosal compartments should be considered for testing in MSM and TG. The rationale and design of efficacy trials of combination prevention modalities such as HIV vaccine and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remain hypothetical, require high adherence to PrEP, are more costly, and present new regulatory challenges. The prioritization of prevention interventions should be driven by the HIV epidemic and decided by the country-specific health and regulatory authorities. Modeling the impact and cost-benefit may help this decision process.

show abstract

Genetic Diversity of HIV Type 1 Subtype CenvGene Sequences from India

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates in Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve Population from Northern India

Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates in Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve Population from Northern India

Evolution of HIV-1 in India

HIV Epidemic in Asia: Implications for HIV Vaccine and Other Prevention Trials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About