Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium isolates from human populations in an urban area of Northern Tunisia

Essid, Rym; Menotti, Jean; Chelbi, Hanène; Karim, Abdul; Bouratbine, A.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.004

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Previously, IIaA15G2R1 (one case) and IIcA5G3 (two cases) subtypes in colorectal cancer, and IIaA16G2R1 (one case) and IIaA17G2R1 (22 cases) subtypes in paediatric oncology have been identified [5,23,32]. However, the subtypes responsible for C. parvum infections in other gastrointestinal cancers have not been determined yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients

Zhang

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

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Gastrointestinal cancers are the most commonly occurring malignancies which contributing to over 1/5 of cancer incidences worldwide. Increasing evidences have shown that Cryptosporidium spp., an apicomplexan protozoan, is highly associated with gastrointestinal cancers. However, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infections among gastrointestinal cancer patients in China has not been estimated yet. We here performed a case-control study to evaluate the occurrences of Cryptosporidium spp. in patients with digestive malignancies before chemotherapy and in control population. Nested PCR amplifying 18S rRNA gene was used to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in each fecal sample. The results herein confirmed the correlation of Cryptosporidium spp. infection with colorectal and liver cancers, while first identified the high frequencies of Cryptosporidium spp. in esophageal cancer and small intestine cancer. The infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. in colorectal, esophageal, liver and small intestine cancers were 17.24% (20/116, P<0.001), 6.25% (1/16, P=0.029), 14.29% (1/7, P<0.001) and 40% (2/5, P<0.001), respectively. In addition, molecular characterization indicated that all the Cryptosporidium spp. obtained were Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), and the 18S rRNA sequences were identical to the reference sequences isolated from cattle, suggesting potential zoonotic transmission. Furthermore, subtyping analyses revealed that IIaA15G2R1 and IIaA15G2R2 were the predominant subtypes in colorectal cancer, while IIaA13G2R2 subtype was first named and identified in colorectal and liver cancers. Taken together, for the first time, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infections in digestive cancer patients has been estimated among Chinese. Our results indicated that C. parvum were highly associated with gastrointestinal cancers, supporting that cryptosporidiosis could be a potential risk factor for these diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients

Zhang

et al. 2020

J. Cancer

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“…C. parvum is one of the two predominant Cryptosporidium species in humans 41 . C. parvum has been identified in humans in Henan province, China 42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in China

Deng

Chai

Luo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are two well-known protist pathogens which can result in diarrhea in humans and animals. To examine the occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in pet red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), 314 fecal specimens were collected from red squirrels from four pet shops and owners in Sichuan province, China. Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi were examined by nested PCR targeting the partial small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene respectively. The infection rates were 8.6% (27/314) for Cryptosporidium spp. and 19.4% (61/314) for E. bieneusi. Five Cryptosporidium species/genotypes were identified by DNA sequence analysis: Cryptosporidium rat genotype II (n = 8), Cryptosporidium ferret genotype (n = 8), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype III (n = 5), Cryptosporidium rat genotype I (n = 4), and Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 2). Additionally, a total of five E. bieneusi genotypes were revealed, including three known genotypes (D, SCC-2, and SCC-3) and two novel genotypes (RS01 and RS02). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that genotype D fell into group 1, whereas the remaining genotypes clustered into group 10. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in pet red squirrels in China. Moreover, C. parvum and genotype D of E. bieneusi, previously identified in humans, were also found in red squirrels, suggesting that red squirrels may give rise to cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in humans through zoonotic transmissions. These results provide preliminary reference data for monitoring Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi infections in pet red squirrels and humans.Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi, causative agents of cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis, are two important opportunistic intestinal pathogens that can infect vertebrate and invertebrate, posing a significant threat to public health 1 . Humans are infected with these pathogens mainly via the fecal-oral route with anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission or via food-borne and water-borne transmission 2,3 . Clinical manifestations of infection with these pathogens are often inconsistent due to the variabilities in the health condition of infected hosts 4,5 . In healthy individuals, these pathogens usually cause asymptomatic infection or self-limiting diarrhea 6 . However, infection may also result in chronic or life-threatening diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, such as patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients who had undergone organ transplantation 7 . In addition to humans, there are a variety of animals that can act as hosts for these two pathogens, including various mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians and insects 8 . Therefore, Cryptosporidium spp. and

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“…In Tunisia, a neighbouring country, 42/526 included outpatients and inpatients presented Cryptosporidium spp oocysts in faeces. Of the 42 positive cases, six were found in HIV/AIDS patients [36]. Higher infection rates were reported among African HIV/AIDS patients such as in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda with 26.9, 34, 22, 24.8 and 73.6% respectively [10,30,37-39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First time genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. isolates from diarrheic stools of Algerian HIV-Infected subjects supports predominant zoonotic transmission routes

Semmani¹,

Costa

Achour³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Cryptosporidium is a significant cause of chronic diarrhoea and death in HIV-infected patients. Although HIV-infected patients under HAART have currently reduced risk of suffering from opportunistic infections, opportunistic gastrointestinal infections such as cryptosporidiosis still occur. Currently, there are no data on genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium isolates from cryptosporidiosis patients in Algeria. This study was aimed at identifying Cryptosporidium species and subtype families prevalent in Algerian HIV-infected patients and contributing to the molecular epidemiology mapping of Cryptosporidium in the MENA region. Methods From 2016 to 2018, 350 faecal specimens were obtained from patients with an HIV/AIDS positive status associated with diarrhoea attending inpatient (hospitalisation) and outpatient care units of El Hadi Flici (ex El- Kettar) hospital, Alger city, Algeria, and screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium using microscopy. Positive samples were submitted to the "Centre National de Reference-Laboratoire Expert- Cryptosporidioses", Rouen University Hospital, France, for molecular analysis (species, genotype) by DNA sequencing of the SSU18S rRNA and Gp60 genes, respectively. Results Out of 350 samples, 33 (9.4%) were microscopically positive for Cryptosporidium spp. of which 22 isolates were successfully amplified at the 18S rRNA and gp60 loci. Based on sequence analysis: 15 isolates were identified as C. parvum with family subtypes IIa-7, and IId-8, while 5 were identified as C. hominis (family subtypes Ia-2 and Ib-3) and 2 as C. felis . Conclusion The predominance of C. parvum subtype families IIa and IId in this study highlights the potential importance of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis transmission to Algerian HIV- positive subjects. More extensive sampling of both humans and farm animals, especially sheep, goats and calves, and collection of epidemiological data are needed for better understanding of the sources of human C. parvum infections in Algeria.

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Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium isolates from human populations in an urban area of Northern Tunisia

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Prevalence and Genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients

Prevalence and Genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients

Occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pet red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in China

First time genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. isolates from diarrheic stools of Algerian HIV-Infected subjects supports predominant zoonotic transmission routes

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