Prevalence and Genotyping of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients

Zhang, Nan; Yu, Xijie; Zhang, Hongbo; Cui, Lianying; Li, Xiaoou; Zhang, Xiaowei; Gong, Pengtao; Li, Jianhua; Li, Ziyi; Wang, Xiaocen; Li, Xin; Li, Ting; Liu, Xiaofeng; Yu, Yanhui; Zhang, Xichen

doi:10.7150/jca.42393

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We observed that STAg treatment significantly reduced oocyst shedding compared with the PBS treated group (p=0.030), indicating that STAg has a therapeutic or immunomodulatory effect against C. parvum infection (Fig 1A). The experiment was repeated with IFNγ-deleted mice infected with 1x10 5 Nano luciferase (Nluc) C. parvum oocysts Iowa II strain and oocyst shedding over time was quantified by NLuc expression (42). STAg treatment again significantly reduced the oocyst shedding (Fig 1B ; p=0.034) confirming our first results (Fig 1A).…”

Section: Stag Treatment Reduces the Oocyst Shedding In C Parvum Infected Ifnγ-deleted Micesupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In the ileum of infected-STAg treated mice, as compared to the uninfected-STAg treated mice, DEGs were associated with the mitochondrion (GO: 0005739), the extracellular region (GO:0005576), and the endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783) (Fig S3). Cellular component GO-terms had the highest level of enrichment for the cecum samples from STAg treated animals, which was not observed in biological process or molecular function GO terms (Fig S4 andFig5). Due to the localization of the parasite on the periphery of the host cell, it is encouraging that we observe GO terms that are related to the extracellular space and cellular trafficking when comparing infection status.…”

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confidence: 79%

“…In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and other immunocompromised individuals, Cryptosporidium causes a chronic, debilitating, and sometimes lethal diarrheal disease (2). Additionally, there is an association between Cryptosporidium and colorectal cancer (3)(4)(5)(6) and recent studies have reported induction of digestive carcinoma in Cryptosporidium infected mice (7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual transcriptomics to determine interferon-gamma independent host response to intestinal Cryptosporidium parvum infection

O’Connor

Perdomo

Garfoot

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Protective immune responses to Cryptosporidium parvum, a zoonotic, gastrointestinal parasite, are primarily dependent on the presence of interferon-gamma (IFNγ). We discovered that treatment with soluble T. gondii antigen (STAg) reduces Cryptosporidium parvum shedding in the absence of IFNγ. To identify the protective IFNγ independent responses elicited by STAg, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of intestinal sections of IFNγ-deleted, C. parvum infected or uninfected mice treated with STAg or PBS. Results: STAg treatment reduced oocyst shedding in C. parvum infected IFNγ deleted mice. Gene ontology analysis of the intestinal transcriptomes suggested that both C. parvum infection and STAg treatment changes the transcript abundance of genes involved in the host cell membrane, intracellular and extracellular transport, and immune responses. We found in high abundance 37 genes related to IFN type I response in infected mice treated with STAg. Among these genes, members of the oligoadenylate synthetase and Schlafen family were identified. Conclusions: STAg treatment of C. parvum infected mice induced both host immune and metabolism changes associated with a reduction in shedding. Several components of the type I interferon immune response were more abundant in the ileum of C. parvum infected in IFNγ-deleted mice. Future studies will explore the role of type I IFN mediated immune responses in controlling C. parvum infections. STAg treatment appears to only affects the host transcriptome while the parasite transcriptome remains unaffected. Several C. parvum genes, including mucin genes, are more abundant during infection of animals, which opens new avenues in C. parvum research.

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Section: Stag Treatment Reduces the Oocyst Shedding In C Parvum Infected Ifnγ-deleted Micesupporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual transcriptomics to determine interferon-gamma independent host response to intestinal Cryptosporidium parvum infection

O’Connor

Perdomo

Garfoot

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The other notable findings observed were the plausible associations of subtypes IIaA15G2R1 and IIaA15G2R2 in patients with colorectal cancer and IIaA13G2R2 subtype with both colorectal and liver cancers. 77…”

Section: Cryptosporidiosis In Cancer Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Patterns of Cryptosporidiosis: Issues and Implications in the Context of Public Health in India

Mirdha

2021

ANAMS

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Cryptosporidiosis is one of the major causes of diarrhea in immune-compromised individuals and children besides causing sporadic water-borne, food-borne, and zoonotic outbreaks. In 2016, Cryptosporidium species infection was the fifth leading cause of diarrhea and acute infection causing more than 4.2 million disability-adjusted life years lost besides a decrease in childhood growth. Human cryptosporidiosis is primarily caused by two species/genotype: Cryptosporidium hominis (anthroponotic) and Cryptosporidium parvum (zoonotic) besides other six rare species/genotypes. Transmission intensity, genetic diversity, and occurrence of genetic recombination have shaped the genus Cryptosporidium population structures into palmitic, clonal, and epidemic. Genetic recombination is more in C. parvum compared with C. hominis. Furthermore, parasite–host co-evolution, host adaptation, and geographic segregation have led to the formation of “subtype- families.” Host-adapted subtype-families have distinct geographical distribution and host preferences. Genetic exchanges between subtypes played an important role throughout the evolution of the genus leading to “adaptation introgression” that led to emergence of virulent and hyper-transmissible subtypes. The population structure of C. hominis in India appears to be more complex where both transmission intensity and genetic diversity are much higher. Further, study based on “molecular strain surveillance” has resulted newer insights into the epidemiology and transmission of cryptosporidiosis in India. The identification at the species and genotype levels is essential for the assessment of infection sources in humans and the public health potential of the parasite at large. The results of the study over three decades on cryptosporidiosis in India, in the absence of a national surveillance data, were analyzed highlighting current situation on epidemiology, genetic diversity, and distribution particularly among vulnerable population. Despite creditable efforts, there are still many areas need to be explored; therefore, the intent of this article is to facilitate future research approaches for mitigating the burden associated with this disease.

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“…where ⨂ denotes time domain convolution, , ( ) and , ( ) denote the impulse response of the I and Q SRRC filters of the i th subcarrier, respectively, which are given by [32]:…”

Section: System Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Demonstration of High-Speed 4 × 4 Imaging Multi-CAP MIMO Visible Light Communications

Werfli

Chvojka

Ghassemlooy

et al. 2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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In general, visible light communication (VLC) systems, which utilise white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), only offer a bandwidth limited to the lower MHz region. Therefore, providing VLC-based high data rate communications systems becomes a challenging task. To address this challenge, we propose a solution based on multiplexing in both the frequency and space domains. We experimentally demonstrate a 4 × 4 imaging multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) VLC system (i.e., space multiplexing) utilising multi-band carrier-less amplitude and phase (m-CAP) modulation (i.e., frequency multiplexing). Independently, both MIMO and m-CAP have shown the remarkable ability to improve transmission speeds in VLC systems, and hence, here we combine them to further improve the net data rate. We investigate link performance by varying the number of subcarriers m, link distance L, and signal bandwidth Bsig. From all the values tested, we show a data rate of ~249 Mb/s can be maximally achieved for for m = 20, Bsig = 20 MHz, and L = 1 m, at a bit error rate of 3.2×10-3 using LEDs with ~4 MHz bandwidth. Index Terms-Modulation bandwidth, multi-band carrier-less amplitude and phase modulation, multiple-input multiple-output, visible light communications.

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Prevalence and Genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Dual transcriptomics to determine interferon-gamma independent host response to intestinal Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Dual transcriptomics to determine interferon-gamma independent host response to intestinal Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Evolving Patterns of Cryptosporidiosis: Issues and Implications in the Context of Public Health in India

Experimental Demonstration of High-Speed 4 × 4 Imaging Multi-CAP MIMO Visible Light Communications

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