Genetic Diversity of Chinese Indigenous Pig Breeds in Shandong Province Using Microsatellite Markers

Abstract

To investigate the genetic diversity of six Chinese indigenous pig breeds in Shandong province (Laiwu Black, Dapulian Black, Licha Black, Yantai Black, Yimeng Black and Wulian Black), explain their genetic relationship and assess their integrity and degree of admixture with three Western commercial breeds (Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc), 303 individuals from these breeds were genotyped for 26 microsatellite markers. In general, high genetic diversity (observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.5495 to 0.7746) and large breed differentiation (F ST = 0.188) were observed. The indigenous pig breeds in Shandong exhibited consistently higher levels of genetic diversity than the three Western breeds. However, compared with the Western breeds, which have an F ST value of 0.252, the indigenous breeds in Shandong have smaller F ST value of 0.145. The analysis of breed relationship indicated that the six indigenous breeds are classified into two groups. One includes four breeds, Licha, Yantai, Yimeng and Wulian, which have experienced large gene introgression of the Western breeds through progressive crossbreeding as well as gene flow among themselves. The other includes Laiwu and Dapulian, which are less influenced by the Western breeds and other indigenous breeds in Shandong in the recent past. The results show that some measures must be taken to effectively protect these indigenous pig breeds in Shandong.

A multi-farm assessment of Greek black pig genetic diversity using microsatellite molecular markers

“…Observed heterozygosity in most farms was higher than expected, and this was in agreement with only a few studies concerning eleven European pig breeds (Laval et al, 2000), six Chinese indigenous pig breeds (Wang et al, 2011) and the Guadyerbas pig breed (Rodrigáñez et al, 2008). According to Wang et al (2011), several factors such as non-random mating, Wahlund effect, sampling error, and the lower proportion of male individuals may cause deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and higher H O than H E . Thus, although there were very few individuals of the Greek black pig and their geographical extension was quite limited, the genetic variation within farms was very high.…”

“…However, the mean observed heterozygosity within farms in our study (H O = 0.712) was higher than any other corresponding values in similar studies, with this parameter ranging between 0.476 for the Taihu pig breed (Fan et al, 2002) and 0.686 for six Chinese indigenous pig breeds (Wang et al, 2011). Observed heterozygosity in most farms was higher than expected, and this was in agreement with only a few studies concerning eleven European pig breeds (Laval et al, 2000), six Chinese indigenous pig breeds (Wang et al, 2011) and the Guadyerbas pig breed (Rodrigáñez et al, 2008). According to Wang et al (2011), several factors such as non-random mating, Wahlund effect, sampling error, and the lower proportion of male individuals may cause deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and higher H O than H E .…”

“…In our study, microsatellite markers showed a considerably high degree of genetic polymorphism within and between populations on the basis of their allele numbers per locus (N A ) and their genetic heterozygosity (H E ). The mean number of alleles per locus (N A = 12.27) was the highest among several European and Asian breeds including 11 European pigs breeds (N A = 10.6) (Laval et al, 2000), the Taihu pig breed (N A = 8) (Fan et al, 2002), the Iberian pig breed (N A = 7.2) (Fabuel et al, 2004), the Cinta Senese pig breed (N A = 9) (Scali et al, 2012), the Nero Siciliano pig breed (N A = 9.96) (Guastella et al, 2010), six Chinese indigenous pig breeds (N A = 10.35) (Wang et al, 2011), and the Croatian Turopolje pig breed (N A = 7.7) (Druml et al, 2012). However, the mean number of alleles per locus was significantly higher in several Chinese indigenous pig populations (NA = 24.8) (Li et al, 2004).…”

Microsatellite based diversity analysis of native pigs of North-Eastern India

“…Similar values were also reported by other studies. (Li et al, 2010;Li et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2004 andWang et al, 2011) Genetic bottleneck analysis: In a recently bottlenecked population, the observed gene diversity is higher than the expected equilibrium gene diversity because the allele numbers is reduced faster than the gene diversity which can be computed from the Na, under the assumption of a constant-size (equilibrium) population (Luikart et al, 1998a). In a population at mutation-drift equilibrium, there is approximately an equal probability that a locus shows gene diversity excess or a gene diversity deficit.…”

Genetic admixture analysis in Prestice Black-Pied pigs

“…The papers published by Wang et al (2011), BerthoulySalazar et al (2012), Chen et al (2012) and Zaman et al (2013) contributed to the expansion of knowledge of isolated local breeds in Asia.…”