Genetic Diversity of Brenneria Nigrifluens Strains in North of Iran (Margin of Caspian Sea)

Abstract

<jats:title>Genetic Diversity of<jats:italic>Brenneria Nigrifluens</jats:italic>Strains in North of Iran (Margin of Caspian Sea)</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Brenneria nigrifluens</jats:italic>, the cause of shallow bark canker of Persian walnut trees (<jats:italic>Juglans regia</jats:italic>L.), has become fairly widespread in Iran in recent years. It is regarded as a great threat to walnut production. To determine the diversity of<jats:italic>B. nigrifluens</jats:italic>strains, sixty strains of the causal bacterium were isolated from bark samples of infected walnut trees collected from Mazandaran, Guilan and Golestan provinces and were studied. The physiological and biochemical characteristics, electrophoretic patterns of total cell proteins and rep-PCR generated DNA fingerprints of<jats:italic>B. nigrifluens</jats:italic>strains were compared. Strains appeared to be more or less similar in phenotypic characteristics. Less than 15% of the strains differed in a few phenotypic features such as the ability in production of H2S from peptone, hydrolysis of esculin, levan production, arginine dehydrolase, nitrate reduction, indol production and methyl red reaction. These differences did not show any special distribution and therefore was not suitable for classifying the strains into distinct groups. The electrophoretic patterns of cell proteins of the strains were different from each other and were only useful for preliminary grouping of the isolates. The groups of strains were differentiated by their rep-PCR fingerprints and on which basis they were placed in six groups in similarity level 95%. Cluster analysis was performed using NTSYSpd software. The results of these studies demonstrated that the populations of<jats:italic>B. nigrifluens</jats:italic>in North of Iran are genetically heterogeneous. The results can be used in selection of disease management strategies.</jats:p>

Revisión de técnicas de diagnóstico de Brenneria spp en nogal (Juglans regia)

“…The main countries in which they have been reported are Iran (Yousefi et al, 2007;Jamalzade et al, 2012;Roshangar and Harighi, 2009), France, Spain (Loreti et al, 2008), Italy (Loreti et al, 2005;Pardatscher and Schweigkofler, 2009) and the United States (Wilson et al, 1957). (Yousefi et al, 2007;Jamalzade et al, 2012;Roshangar y Harighi, 2009), Francia, España (Loreti et al, 2008), Italia (Loreti et al, 2005;Pardatscher y Schweigkofler, 2009) y Estados Unidos (Wilson et al, 1957). En el Cuadro 1 se resumen reportes de Brenneria causante de cancro del nogal en distintas regiones del mundo, así como las técnicas utilizadas para la identificación de los patógenos.…”

Identification of deep bark canker agent of walnut and study of its phenotypic, pathogenic, holotypic and genetic diversity in Iran

“…The walnut is one of the most invaluable plants that has wood, fruit, industrial, foreign exchange importance besides its other useful specifications and plays an important role in economic of the country. In countries wherein walnut is cultivated on widespread level, different diseases can be observed that introduce irreparable damages to the walnut trees (Jamalzade et al 2012).…”