Genetic diversity of Blastocystis in kindergarten children in southern Xinjiang, China

Qi, Meng; Wei, Zilin; Zhang, Ying; Zhang, Qiyuan; Li, Juanfeng; Zhang, Longxian; Wang, Rongjun

doi:10.1186/s13071-020-3890-0

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To date, six Blastocystis subtypes (ST1 to ST6) have been identified in humans in China, and ST3 is the most dominant subtype. 21 In this study, four subtypes (ST1 to ST4) were characterized in 48 Blastocystis isolates, and ST3 was found to be the dominant subtype, which was in agreement with the findings from the same province, 22,26,27 and the isolates from kindergarten children in southern Xinjiang, northwestern China 42 and college students in Guangxi, northern China, 43 as well as from Zhejiang province and Shanghai municipality, eastern China. 27 However, ST1 was also reported as the dominant Blastocystis subtype in China.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

<p>Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Blastocystis sp. Infections Among General Populations in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China</p>

Deng¹,

Zhang²,

Ning³

et al. 2020

RMHP

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Background: Blastocystis is a common enteric parasite of controversial pathogenic roles in human diseases. Although the prevalence of Blastocystis infections has been investigated in a diverse range of populations, there is little knowledge on the molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Blastocystis infections among general populations in southeastern China. Materials and Methods: A total of 507 individuals were randomly selected in Yunnan province, China from July 2016 to March 2017. Stool specimens were sampled for detection of Blastocystis sp. using PCR assay, and the risk factors of Blastocystis infections were identified. Blastocystis isolates were subtyped, and the associations of Blastocystis infections and subtypes with clinical manifestations were examined. Results: The overall detection rate of Blastocystis sp. was 9.47% (95% CI: 7.13-12.44%). Toilet type (OR = 3.248, 95% CI: 1.245-8.473), anemia (OR = 2.601, 95% CI: 1.245-8.473) and type of daily drinking water (OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.557-6.213) were identified as risk factors of Blastocystis infections; however, Blastocystis infections showed no associations with clinical symptoms. Four subtypes (ST1 to ST4) were characterized in Blastocystis isolates, in which ST3 was predominant (4.73%, 95% CI: 3.2-6.94%), followed by ST1 (3.16%, 95% CI: 1.95-5.07%), ST4 (1.38%, 95% CI: 0.07-2.82%) and ST2 (0.2%, 95% CI: 0-1.11%). In addition, ST1 subtype infection was found to correlate with anemia (OR = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.631-14.314). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of Blastocystis infections among general populations in Yunnan province, southwestern China, and toilet type, anemia and type of daily drinking water are risk factors of Blastocystis infections. ST3 is the dominant subtype of Blastocystis sp. characterized, and ST1 correlates with anemia. Improving hygiene conditions, developing healthy lifestyles and intensifying health education programs are strongly recommended to reduce the prevalence and transmission potential of Blastocystis infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

<p>Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Blastocystis sp. Infections Among General Populations in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China</p>

Deng¹,

Zhang²,

Ning³

et al. 2020

RMHP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For comparison, very few studies have previously focused on the intra-ST genetic diversity among these three major STs and almost all were based on the analysis of sequences from another domain of the SSU rDNA gene than the one targeted in our study [ 18 , 40 ]. Through the analysis of this second marker, it was also reported that genetic diversity could vary dramatically at the intra-ST level in epidemiological surveys conducted for instance in China [ 58 ] and Nigeria [ 37 ]. Indeed, ST2 was shown to exhibit the greater intra-ST diversity (average of 2.2 isolates per genotype) followed by ST1 (6.7) then ST3 (21.5) in the Chinese study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Senegalese School Children

Khaled

Gantois

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Blastocystis sp. is an enteric protozoan that frequently colonizes humans and many animals. Despite impacting on human health, data on the prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of Blastocystis sp. remain sparse in Africa. Accordingly, we performed the first multicenter and largest epidemiological survey ever conducted on Blastocystis sp. for this continent. A total of 731 stool samples collected from healthy school children living in 10 villages of the northwestern region of Senegal were tested for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by subtyping of positive samples. Considerable variation in prevalence between villages (51.7 to 100%) was evident with the overall prevalence being 80.4%. Mixed infections were identified in 23% of positive individuals. Among 453 school children with a single infection, ST2 was predominant, followed by ST1, ST3, ST7, ST10, and ST14; this is the first report of ST10 and ST14 in humans. Genetic polymorphisms were evident at the intra-ST level with the identification of numerous ST1 to ST3 genotypes. ST1 showed the greatest intra-ST diversity followed by ST2 and ST3. The prevalence and distribution of STs and genotypes varied among target villages, pointing to several potential infection sources, including human-to-human, zoonotic, and waterborne transmission.

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“…infecting rats, subtype ST4 was the most prevalent. Besides in rodents, subtype ST4 is one of the most common subtypes found in humans [14]. Similarly, subtype ST4 has also been reported in non-human primates, giraffes, kangaroos, dogs, snow leopards, and ostriches [2,15,16,21,23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Molecular identification and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in laboratory rats in China

Yuan

Jiang

et al. 2020

Parasite

Self Cite

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Blastocystis sp. is a ubiquitous protist that has been frequently reported in humans and animals worldwide. A total of 355 fecal samples of experimental rats were collected from four laboratory rearing facilities in China, and Blastocystis sp. was detected by PCR amplification of the partial small subunit ribosomal (SSU) rRNA gene. Twenty-nine (8.2%, 29/355) samples were positive for Blastocystis sp., with the highest infection rate (20.7%, 24/116) in rats of the Zhengzhou1, followed by that in the Zhengzhou2 (5.0%, 2/40), Shenyang (3.0%, 3/100) and Wuhan (0) rearing facilities. Among the three rat strains, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats had higher infection rates (11.3%, 17/151) compared to Wistar rats (8.7%, 9/104) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats (3.0%, 3/100). Two Blastocystis sp. subtypes (ST4 and ST7) were identified. ST4 was the predominant subtype detected in 26 samples (89.7%). A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the sequences of ST4 and ST7 obtained in this study were clustered with their reference subtypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Blastocystis sp. in experimental rats in China. Pathogen infections in laboratory animals need to be monitored due to fecal-oral transmission.

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Genetic diversity of Blastocystis in kindergarten children in southern Xinjiang, China

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

<p>Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Blastocystis sp. Infections Among General Populations in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China</p>

<p>Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Blastocystis sp. Infections Among General Populations in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China</p>

Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Senegalese School Children

Molecular identification and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in laboratory rats in China

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