Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Senegalese School Children

Khaled, Salma M.; Gantois, Nausicâa; Ly, Amadou Tidjani; Senghor, Simon; Even, Gaël; Dautel, Ellena; Dejager, Romane; Sawant, Manasi; Baydoun, Martha; Benamrouz-Vanneste, Sadia; Chabé, Magali; Ndiaye, Seynabou; Schacht, Anne‐Marie; Certad, Gabriela; Riveau, Gilles; Viscogliosi, Éric

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8091408

Cited by 68 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Indeed, intestinal parasites are usually considered as vectors of poverty related diseases as highlighted for instance by the high prevalence of Blastocystis sp. revealed in low-income African [ 9 ], Asian [ 11 ], and American countries [ 13 ]. Moreover, the prevalence of Blastocystis sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the sequences of Blastocystis sp. isolates belonging to the same ST (ST1, ST2 or ST3) were aligned with each other using the BioEdit v7.0.1 package (Date of release 06/10/2019; ) to determine intra-ST diversity and identify so-called genotypes referring to genetically distinct strains within the same ST as described in recent surveys [ 9 , 16 ]. Subsequently, ST1, ST2 and ST3 sequences from isolates previously identified in the local population of North Lebanon [ 4 , 16 , 35 , 36 ] were extracted from databases and compared to genotypes reported herein from the cohort of Syrian refugees.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transmission of Blastocystis sp. is thus naturally favored by the precarious sanitary and hygienic conditions encountered in certain populations with low level of sanitation, particularly in African, Asian, or American developing countries [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. On the other hand, the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By synthesizing all available epidemiological data, Blastocystis sp. ST1 to ST4 represent the most frequent STs identified in the human population worldwide and account for around 95% of all human carriage [ 9 , 18 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], consistent with a large-scale anthroponotic transmission of the parasite. The eight other STs found in the human population with a lower frequency (ST5–ST10, ST12 and ST14) [ 9 , 14 , 32 , 34 ] were supposed to be of zoonotic origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ST1 to ST4 represent the most frequent STs identified in the human population worldwide and account for around 95% of all human carriage [ 9 , 18 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], consistent with a large-scale anthroponotic transmission of the parasite. The eight other STs found in the human population with a lower frequency (ST5–ST10, ST12 and ST14) [ 9 , 14 , 32 , 34 ] were supposed to be of zoonotic origin. This was strongly evidenced through the unusually high prevalence of ST8 in zoo monkey keepers [ 34 ], ST5 in piggery workers [ 15 ] and ST6 in poultry slaughterhouse staff [ 16 ], likely correlated with repeated exposure to animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blastocystis sp. Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution amongst Syrian Refugee Communities Living in North Lebanon

et al. 2021

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Molecular data concerning the prevalence and subtype (ST) distribution of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. remain scarce in the Middle East. Accordingly, we performed the first molecular epidemiological survey ever conducted in the Syrian population. A total of 306 stool samples were collected from Syrian refugees living in 26 informal tented settlements (ITS) subjected or not to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions in North Lebanon, then screened for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by subtyping. The overall prevalence of the parasite was shown to reach 63.7%. Blastocystis sp. colonization was not significantly associated with gender, age, symptomatic status, abdominal pain or diarrhea. In contrast, WASH intervention status of ITS was identified as a risk factor for infection. Among a total of 164 subtyped isolates, ST3 was predominant, followed by ST1, ST2, and ST10. No particular ST was reported to be associated with age, gender, symptomatic status, digestive disorders, or WASH intervention status of ITS. Intra-ST diversity of ST1 to ST3 was low suggesting large-scale anthroponotic transmission. Moreover, comparative analysis of ST1 to ST3 genotypes revealed that the circulation of the parasite between Syrian refugees and the host population was likely limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blastocystis sp. Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution amongst Syrian Refugee Communities Living in North Lebanon

et al. 2021

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Resistance of Blastocystis to chlorine and hydrogen peroxide

Martín‐Escolano

Tan

et al. 2022

Parasitol Res

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Blastocystis is a ubiquitous, widely distributed protist inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals. The organism is genetically diverse, and so far, at least 28 subtypes (STs) have been identified with ST1–ST9 being the most common in humans. The pathogenicity of Blastocystis is controversial. Several routes of transmission have been proposed including fecal–oral (e.g., zoonotic, anthroponotic) and waterborne. Research on the latter has gained traction in the last few years with the organism having been identified in various bodies of water, tap water, and rainwater collection containers including water that has been previously filtered and/or chlorinated. Herein, we assessed the resistance of 11 strains maintained in culture, spanning ST1–ST9 to various chlorine and hydrogen peroxide concentrations for 24 h, and performed recovery assays along with re-exposure. Following the treatment with both compounds, all subtypes showed increased resistance, and viability could be visualized at the cellular level. These results are hinting at the presence of mechanism of resistance to both chlorine and hydrogen peroxide. As such, this pilot study can be the platform for developing guidelines for water treatment processes.

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Exploring Blastocystis genetic diversity in rural schoolchildren from Colombia using next-generation amplicon sequencing reveals significant associations between contact with animals and infection risk

et al. 2023

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Blastocystis is a common intestinal protist with a global distribution in humans and many other animals. Yet, the status of Blastocystis as a pathogen, the risk factors associated with its transmission, and its zoonotic potential remain ill-defined. Here, we explored subtype (ST) diversity and potential risk factors for Blastocystis infection in 98 children from Apulo, Colombia. Samples were screened for Blastocystis via PCR, and ST identification was performed through next-generation amplicon sequencing (NGS). Associations between the presence of Blastocystis and individual STs and sociodemographic variables were assessed via logistic regression analyses. Seventy-one samples (72.4%) were Blastocystis-positive, and NGS revealed the presence of five STs (ST1-ST5). ST1, ST2, and ST3 were common and observed in nearly equal proportions (~ 40%), while samples with ST4 (1.4%) and ST5 (5.6%) were comparatively rare. The presence of mixed STs in the same sample was also common (28.2%). Comparisons among children within the same household identified that shared ST profiles were common, but diversity within family units was also observed. Logistic regression analyses returned significant associations between the presence of Blastocystis, individual subtypes, or mixed subtypes for several variables. Intriguingly, the presence of animals was one of the most common significant associations. Taken together, these data represent an important step forward in understanding both the potential routes and risk factors that may influence Blastocystis transmission and will be useful in shaping future studies which seek to clarify the relationships between STs, pathogenicity, and zoonotic transmission.

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Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Senegalese School Children

Cited by 68 publications

References 58 publications

Blastocystis sp. Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution amongst Syrian Refugee Communities Living in North Lebanon

Blastocystis sp. Prevalence and Subtypes Distribution amongst Syrian Refugee Communities Living in North Lebanon

Resistance of Blastocystis to chlorine and hydrogen peroxide

Exploring Blastocystis genetic diversity in rural schoolchildren from Colombia using next-generation amplicon sequencing reveals significant associations between contact with animals and infection risk

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