Genetic diversity in the blackberry rust pathogen, Phragmidium violaceum, in Europe and Australasia as revealed by analysis of SAMPL

Gómez, D. R. Sosa; Evans, K. J.; Harvey, Paul R.; Baker, J.; Barton, Jane; Jourdan, M.; Morin, L.; Pennycook, S. R.; Scott, Eileen S.

doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2005.11.014

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Where recombination is important for maintaining and generating genotypic variation, as shown here for P. violaceum, nat- ural selection favors virulent genotypes of the pathogen that are able to establish disease on susceptible hosts. Recent work in the Australian biological control program for the European blackberry was initiated on the basis of the findings reported here and in the study by Gomez et al (21). The program has focused on the selection and release of additional strains of P. violaceum, potentially possessing a diverse array of alleles associated with virulence and fitness, to provide increased opportunity for the fungus to evolve and adapt to its environment through natural selection (31,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Consequently, there is a high risk that a released clonal genotype may soon become extinct, unless it recombines and its genes are introgressed into the existing population soon after establishment. There is evidence to suggest that strain F15 of P. violaceum did not persist in the Australian environment, but whether or not genes originating from this strain are present in the current population of P. violaceum is unknown (15,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though SAMPL markers resolve considerable genetic diversity in P. violaceum (21), the dominant nature of these markers makes it difficult to determine heterozygosity and to track strains (and their genes) in panmictic populations. The markers must also be accompanied by rigorous procedures to minimize the amplification and scoring of loci from nontarget DNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA was extracted from urediniospores of each individual, and SAMPL fingerprints were generated by following procedures described by Gomez et al (21). Primer pairs (GACA) 4 /H-G and R1/H-G were used to generate SAMPL fingerprints for all individuals.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions and habitat/host quality may be important in determining the genetic structure and pathogenic variation across the host-pathogen metapopulation. With these concepts in mind, DNA markers for the selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci (SAMPL), described previously (21), were applied to investigate the population dynamics of P. violaceum.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Introduced Populations of Phragmidium violaceum and Implications for Biological Control of European Blackberry in Australia

Gómez

Evans

Baker

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Phragmidium violaceum causes leaf rust on the European blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. aggregate). Multiple strains of this pathogen have been introduced into southern Australia for the biological control of at least 15 taxa of European blackberry, a nonindigenous, invasive plant. In climates conducive to leaf rust, the intensity of disease varies within and among infestations of the genetically variable host. Genetic markers developed from the selective amplification of microsatellite polymorphic loci were used to assess the population genetic structure and reproductive biology of P. violaceum within and among four geographically isolated and diseased infestations of the European blackberry in Victoria, Australia. Despite the potential for long-distance aerial dispersal of urediniospores, there was significant genetic differentiation among all populations, which was not associated with geographic separation. An assessment of multilocus linkage disequilibrium revealed temporal and geographic variation in the occurrence of random mating among the four populations. The presence of sexual spore states and the results of genetic analyses indicated that recombination, and potentially random migration and genetic drift, played an important role in maintaining genotypic variation within populations. Recombination and genetic differentiation in P. violaceum, as well as the potential for metapopulation structure, suggest the need to release additional, genetically diverse strains of the biocontrol agent at numerous sites across the distribution of the Australian blackberry infestation for maximum establishment and persistence.Investigating how pathogen populations evolve can provide a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to temporal and spatial variation in disease intensity (28). This information is particularly relevant in biological control programs for weeds, when an uncharacterized population or a mixture of strains of a pathogen from the native range of the target weed has been released in the area into which the weed has been introduced. Identifying factors contributing to pathogen evolution can provide insight into how biological control can be improved through the search for and selection and release of prospective biological control agents.There are at least 15 taxa of European blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. aggregate) in Australia, where this plant is regarded as an invasive species, infesting nearly 9 million hectares of land (17, 41). Taxa of the R. fruticosus agg. are perennial thorny shrubs that are facultatively apomictic and genetically and morphologically variable (34). The distributions of various taxa of the R. fruticosus agg. can be found in a recent taxonomic update on exotic Rubus in Australia (17). Blackberry infestations in Australia may be discontinuous or continuous and of various sizes and shapes. More specifically, infestations can resemble linear corridors (e.g., along roadsides and in riparian zones), discontinuous patches (e.g., in invaded pastures), or continuous, blanket ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Introduced Populations of Phragmidium violaceum and Implications for Biological Control of European Blackberry in Australia

Gómez

Evans

Baker

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Predictability of pathogen host range in classical biological control of weeds: an update

Barton

2011

BioControl

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Before an exotic pathogen can be released as a classical biological control agent the likely positive and negative outcomes of that introduction must be predicted. Host range testing is used to assess potential damage to non-target plants. To-date 28 species of fungi have been released as classical biological control agents against weeds world-wide. These pathogens have been reported infecting only six non-target plant species outdoors and all of these incidents were predicted. Many more non-target plant species developed disease symptoms in glasshouse tests than in the field. Consequently, data from other sources are needed to ensure potential agents are not prematurely rejected. Predictions of pathogen host range to date have been sufficiently accurate to prevent unpleasant surprises. Exotic pathogens are a safe and useful tool for weed control, especially in natural areas rich in valued non-target species.

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Invaded range of the blackberry pathogen Phragmidium violaceum in the Pacific Northwest of the USA and the search for its provenance

et al. 2013

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Genetic diversity in the blackberry rust pathogen, Phragmidium violaceum, in Europe and Australasia as revealed by analysis of SAMPL

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Dynamics of Introduced Populations of Phragmidium violaceum and Implications for Biological Control of European Blackberry in Australia

Dynamics of Introduced Populations of Phragmidium violaceum and Implications for Biological Control of European Blackberry in Australia

Predictability of pathogen host range in classical biological control of weeds: an update

Invaded range of the blackberry pathogen Phragmidium violaceum in the Pacific Northwest of the USA and the search for its provenance

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