Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of the ORF5 gene of PRRSV from central China

Neuroprotection of Catalpol for Experimental Acute Focal Ischemic Stroke: Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms of Antioxidation, Anti‐Inflammation, and Antiapoptosis

“…One study [23] got 2 points; 8 studies [16, 19, 20, 24, 28, 30, 34, 35] got 3 points; 11 studies [18, 21, 22, 25–27, 29, 32, 33, 36, 37] got 4 points; one study [15] got 5 points; 3 studies [17, 31, 38] got 6 points; one study [14] got 7 points (Table 1). The average score was 4.00.…”

“…Among them, 5 studies [14–17, 38] were published in English and 20 studies were Chinese papers between 2008 and 2016. Twenty-one studies used male and/or female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats; one study [14] used male Wistar rats; four studies [16, 18–20] used Kunming mice. The weight of SD rats used varied from 180 g to 350 g; the weight of Wistar rats used varied from 250 g to 300 g; the weight of mice varied from 22 g to 35 g. Chloral hydrate was used to induce anesthesia in 18 studies, pentobarbital in 2 studies [21, 22], and isoflurane in 1 study [14]; while the remaining 4 studies did not report the type of anesthetics [15, 16, 23, 24].…”

“…Twenty-three studies administrated catalpol after stroke; one study administrated catalpol before stroke [14]; and two studies administrated catalpol before and after stroke [18, 25]. In the control group, 14 studies applied same volume of normal saline; 3 studies [23, 28, 36] applied edible oil; one study [14] applied saline; one study [27] applied distilled water; one study [21] applied dimethyl sulfoxide; one study [37] applied 1,2-propylene glycol; 2 studies [29, 35] applied edible oil and normal saline; and 4 studies [20, 22, 26, 38] applied no treatment. Thirteen studies [14, 16, 18–22, 24, 25, 29, 31, 33, 37] adopted IV as outcome measurements; twenty-five studies used NFS as outcome measurements; and 13 studies adopted both above two outcome measurements.…”

“…From another perspective, neuromuscular function test [18, 25], skilled reaching task test [15, 31], and foot-fault test [33, 38] were utilized in 2 studies. Nerve comprehensive function test [20], stair test [26], tray task box task test [32], grasping test box test [32], real-time gait behavior test [30], and ladder rung walking test were utilized in 1 study. The basic characteristics of the 25 studies were shown in Table 2.…”

Investigation on Infectious Agents of Aborted Pig Fetuses and Its Correlation with PRRSV MLV Vaccine

“…Since PRRSV caused the majority of serious abortion problems in swine industries globally, many phylogenetic, pathologic and immunologic studies were done briskly in many countries [11][12][13]. Also, the usage of PRRSV vaccine is globally commercialized due to the economic losses made by abortions, and it becomes prerequisite for farmers who domesticate pigs to use both attenuated and inactivated vaccines of PRRSV for their farms [14,15].…”