Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV-1 Circulating in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Ueda, Shuhei; Witaningrum, Adiana Mutamsari; Khairunisa, Siti Qamariyah; Kotaki, Tomohiro; Nasronudin, -; Kameoka, Masanori

doi:10.1089/aid.2018.0221

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…All treatment failure subjects harbored resistance to NRTI and NNRTI, which are first-line ARV drugs. The pattern is concordance to a recent report from North Sulawesi, Indonesia [47]. The figure is higher than that reported in South Africa [48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Molecular Antiretroviral Resistance Markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 of CRF01_AE Subtype in Bali, Indonesia

Budayanti

Merati

Bela

et al. 2019

CHR

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Background: Molecular epidemiological study of human immunodeficiency virus drug-resistant (HIVDR) markers is challenging in areas where the dominant subtype is non-B. Objective: Here we provide molecular data for HIVDR in the CRF01_AE subtype in Bali, Indonesia. Method: Seventy patients were enrolled in this study and grouped into treatment failure and treatment naïve groups. The full-length pol gene was amplified using nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the product was then sequenced. The readable sequence was then subjected to Stan-ford HIV Drug Resistance Database genotyping. Results: We found that clinical classification was in accordance with the presence of HIVDR markers in the pol gene. Independent of therapy history, the treatment failure group showed resistance markers against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase in-hibitors (NNRTI), ranging from 72%–100% of patients. Only a small proportion of naïve patients harbored HIV with drug resistance markers to NNRTI. No protease inhibitor-resistant marker was found in either patient group. Molecular marker mutations, which were found in more than 50% of treatment failure patients, were M184V (100%), T215A/Y/F (88.2%), D67N/G (76.5%), and M41L (58.8%). Conclusion: The protocol used in this study to determine genetic markers of HIVDR based on sub-type B can be applied for the rapid determination of resistance of the CRF01_AE subtype. All patients with progressive clinical signs and increased viral load should be recommended to undergo second-line treatment of the ARV regimen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Molecular Antiretroviral Resistance Markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 of CRF01_AE Subtype in Bali, Indonesia

Budayanti

Merati

Bela

et al. 2019

CHR

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“…Prior studies found relatively low rates of transmitted drug resistance in Indonesia. 22,23 Our prevalence of drug resistance in treatment-experienced individuals (5/30, 16.7%) was within the range of previous reports (6% in Papua 24 and 23.7% in North Sulawesi 25 ). Lack of clinician awareness of drug resistance in four of five subjects suggests a need for expanded access to resistance testing in addition to closer monitoring of clinical manifestations, CD4 count, and viral load to optimize management strategies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Prevalence of HIV Infection and Resistance Mutations in Patients Hospitalized for Febrile Illness in Indonesia

Merati

Karyana

Tjitra

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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HIV prevalence in Indonesia is increasing, and only 64% of infected individuals know their status. In a prospective cohort of 1,453 hospitalized patients with unexplained fever, 46 (3.2%) had HIV, including 15 (1.1%) patients without a prior HIV diagnosis. Among 31 subjects previously known to have HIV, 21 (68%) had been receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at the time of enrollment. Of 39 HIV cases with HIV RNA levels ≥ 100 copies/mL, sequencing for genotype analysis and resistance testing was successful in 30 (77%) subjects. The most common HIV subtypes were AE (90%) and B (10%). Five (16.7%) subjects had resistance mutations to nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and all of them were on cART. No evidence of transmitted drug resistance was found in newly diagnosed individuals. Hospital-based screening may be an efficient method to expand HIV testing and identify a significant number of new cases. Access to care, close monitoring, expansion of anti-retroviral options, and ensuring availability of CD4 determinations, viral load testing, and genotyping are crucial to control of the epidemic in Indonesia.

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“…HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is the major causative agent of HIV disease discovered in Indonesia, with more HIV-1 cases being reported in the Eastern part of Indonesia. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Papua and West Papua are two provinces with the highest rates of HIV-1 (1.34 -2.41%) in Indonesia. 9 Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi are three islands in the Eastern part of Indonesia in which the epidemic of HIV-1 infection continues to grow due to the high numbers of men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDUs), and commercial sex workers in these areas.…”

Section: Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi are three islands in the Eastern part of Indonesia in which the epidemic of HIV-1 infection continues to grow due to the high numbers of men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDUs), and commercial sex workers in these areas. [4][5][6] However, there are more provinces in Indonesia without properly recorded data on HIV-1 epidemiology.…”

Section: Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018–2019 Update on the Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Indonesia

Khairunisa

Megasari

Ueda

et al. 2020

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The HIV-1 epidemic has continued to grow in Indonesia; however, continuous updates on the epidemiology of HIV-1 in Indonesia remain challenging because it is the biggest archipelago in the world. Furthermore, the emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) has had a negative impact on the treatment of infected individuals. In the present study, we performed HIV-1 subtyping and the detection of HIVDR in 105 HIV-1-infected individuals residing in various cities in Indonesia in 2018 -2019. The results obtained identified CRF01_AE as the major epidemic HIV-1 strain, responsible for 81.9% of infection cases, followed by subtype B (12.4%), CRF02_AG (3.8%), CRF52_01B (1%), and a recombinants between CRF01_AE and CRF02_AG (1.0%). Major drug resistance-associated mutations against reverse transcriptase inhibitors were detected in 20% of samples. These results suggest that CRF01_AE is a major HIV-1 strain in Indonesia, while CRF02_AG is emerging. The prevalence of HIVDR in Indonesia needs to be monitored.

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Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV-1 Circulating in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Molecular Antiretroviral Resistance Markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 of CRF01_AE Subtype in Bali, Indonesia

Molecular Antiretroviral Resistance Markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 of CRF01_AE Subtype in Bali, Indonesia

Prevalence of HIV Infection and Resistance Mutations in Patients Hospitalized for Febrile Illness in Indonesia

2018–2019 Update on the Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Indonesia

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