Genetic Divergence of Vibrio vulnificus Clinical Isolates with Mild to Severe Outcomes

Kling, Kendall; Trinh, Sonya; Leyn, Semen A.; Rodionov, Dmitry A.; Rodionov, Ivan D; Herrera, Alfa; Cervantes, Kasey S.; Pankey, George A.; Ashcraft, Deborah; Ozer, Egon A.; Godzik, Adam; Satchell, K.J.F.

doi:10.1128/mbio.01500-22

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Currently, the most significant challenge lies in specifying virulent V. vulnificus strains based on genetic markers. However, a high genetic diversity is observed between virulent and non-virulent lineages ( 71 , 72 ). In this study, we aimed to distinguish virulent strains by investigating the distribution of genes or genetic regions related to virulence among V. vulnificus isolates from three different sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulent properties and genomic diversity of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from environment, human, diseased fish

Naknaen,

Surachat,

Manit

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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The incidence of Vibrio vulnificus infections, with high mortality rates in humans and aquatic animals, has escalated, highlighting a significant public health challenge. Currently, reliable markers to identify strains with high virulence potential are lacking, and the understanding of evolutionary drivers behind the emergence of pathogenic strains is limited. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of virulent genotypes and phenotypes to discern the infectious potential of V. vulnificus strains isolated from three distinct sources. Most isolates, traditionally classified as biotype 1, possessed the virulence-correlated gene-C type. Environmental isolates predominantly exhibited YJ-like alleles, while clinical and diseased fish isolates were significantly associated with the nanA gene and pathogenicity region XII. Hemolytic activity was primarily observed in the culture supernatants of clinical and diseased fish isolates. Genetic relationships, as determined by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, suggested that strains originating from the same source tended to cluster together. However, multilocus sequence typing revealed considerable genetic diversity across clusters and sources. A phylogenetic analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms of diseased fish strains alongside publicly available genomes demonstrated a high degree of evolutionary relatedness within and across different isolation sources. Notably, our findings reveal no direct correlation between phylogenetic patterns, isolation sources, and virulence capabilities. This underscores the necessity for proactive risk management strategies to address pathogenic V. vulnificus strains emerging from environmental reservoirs. IMPORTANCE As the global incidence of Vibrio vulnificus infections rises, impacting human health and marine aquacultures, understanding the pathogenicity of environmental strains remains critical yet underexplored. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the virulence potential and genetic relatedness of V. vulnificus strains, focusing on environmental origins. We conduct an extensive genotypic analysis and phenotypic assessment, including virulence testing in a wax moth model. Our findings aim to uncover genetic and evolutionary factors that drive pathogenic strain emergence in the environment. This research advances our ability to identify reliable virulence markers and understand the distribution of pathogenic strains, offering significant insights for public health and environmental risk management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulent properties and genomic diversity of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from environment, human, diseased fish

Naknaen,

Surachat,

Manit

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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“…Across distinct V. vulnificus isolates, the effector content can vary from 2 to 5 effectors selected from a total of nine known effector domains [3][4][5] . The effector domain most commonly present in V. vulnificus MARTX toxins is the Makes Caterpillars Floppy-like (MCF) domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VibrioMARTX toxin processing and degradation of cellular Rab GTPases by the cytotoxic effector Makes Caterpillars Floppy

Herrera¹,

Packer²,

Rosas‐Lemus

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Vibrio vulnificuscauses life threatening infections dependent upon the effectors released from the Multifunctional-Autoprocessing Repeats-In-Toxin (MARTX) toxin. The Makes Caterpillars Floppy-like (MCF) cysteine protease effector is activated by host ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs), although the targets of processing activity were unknown. In this study we show MCF binds Ras-related proteins in brain (Rab) GTPases at the same interface occupied by ARFs and then cleaves and/or degrades 24 distinct members of the Rab GTPases family. The cleavage occurs in the C-terminal tails of Rabs. We determine the crystal structure of MCF as a swapped dimer revealing the open, activated state of MCF and then use structure prediction algorithms to show that structural composition, rather than sequence or localization, determine Rabs selected as MCF proteolytic targets. Once cleaved, Rabs become dispersed in cells to drive organelle damage and cell death to promote pathogenesis of these rapidly fatal infections.

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Focal adhesion signaling pathway involved in skin immune response of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis to Vibrio vulnificus infection

Liu

Lian

et al. 2023

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Genetic Divergence of Vibrio vulnificus Clinical Isolates with Mild to Severe Outcomes

Abstract: Vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic pathogen that is capable of causing severe disease in humans. Previous studies have suggested that pathogenic isolates were restricted to certain phylogenetic lineages and possibly toxinotype.

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Virulent properties and genomic diversity of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from environment, human, diseased fish

Virulent properties and genomic diversity of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from environment, human, diseased fish

VibrioMARTX toxin processing and degradation of cellular Rab GTPases by the cytotoxic effector Makes Caterpillars Floppy

Focal adhesion signaling pathway involved in skin immune response of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis to Vibrio vulnificus infection

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