Genetic differences and hybridization between Calamagrostis arundinacea and C. villosa (Poaceae) in the anemo-orographic (A-O) system in the Karkonosze Mountains

Genetic Differentiation Among Geographically Close Populations of Malva Alcea

“…The level of genetic diversity for M. alcea (F ST =0.126) is lower than the value reported by those authors for species with regional distributions (F ST =0.216) and lower than for insect-pollinated and self-pollinated species (F ST =0.216). It is also much higher than in monocotyledons; for example, in Calamagrostis arundinacea it reaches F ST =0.0565 (Krzakowa and Dunajski, 2007). In the conifer Pinus sylvestris the G ST values ranged from 0.003 to 0.076, and in P. mugo G ST ranged from 0.007 to 0.033 (Odrzykoski, 2002).…”

Intraspecific differentiation of Reed Grass Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth (Poaceae) populations revealed by peroxidase allozymes

“…Crude extract from individual plants was subjected to electrophoresis in 11% starch gel, with the lithium-boric buffer system, pH 8.3. Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) were specifically stained with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole as in other grass species (Krzakowa 1996;Krzakowa et al 2006;Krzakowa and Dunajski 2007). In each population, the extent of inbreeding was estimated by means of Wrights fixation coefficient (F), using the formula: F=1-Ho/He, where Ho is observed heterozygosity and He is expected heterozygosity.…”

“…Pure populations of C. arundinacea in the Karkonosze Mts., (Krzakowa and Dunajski 2007) have exhibited a similar scale of variability, and peroxidases have proven to be also extremely useful in establishing interspecies differences between C. arundinacea and C. villosa. Each of the species carries its own peroxidase markers (Krzakowa and Dunajski 2007).…”

Genetic Structure of Tetraploid Italian and Westerwolds Ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) as Revealed by Enzyme and ISSR Polymorphism

“…Lolium plants contain PXs of anodal migration [20]. Less frequently, peroxidises of cathodal migration are detected in grasses [21]. Taking into account that PXs are contained mainly in cell walls, such a location results in their activity at early stages of defence reactions of the plant to pathogen attacks.…”

“…Taking into account that PXs are contained mainly in cell walls, such a location results in their activity at early stages of defence reactions of the plant to pathogen attacks. Besides, PXs have proven to provide useful markers for analysing intra-specific differentiation, as well as differences between species [21,22]. In this study, PXs were used to detect differences between cultivars, which were not detected in the other four enzymatic systems.…”