Genetic Damage and Cell Killing Induction by Five Head Lice Treatments on HaCaT Human Skin Cells

Abstract

Background: Chemical head lice treatments used by parents to treat head lice infestation in their children due to their rapid and reliable removal of head lice. However, those treatments can be absorbed through the skin. Children are more sensitive to absorbing chemicals than adults. We hypothesized that synthetic chemical-based head lice treatments cause cytotoxic and genotoxic damage to human skin cells in vitro. Objective: To determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic damage of synthetic chemical-based head lice treatments on HaCaT human skin cells in vitro.Methodology: Cytotoxicity measured by the methyl tetrazolium cytotoxicity (MTT) assay and the crystal violet assay. Also, the mechanism of cell killing was identified by the apoptosis detection, via Flow cytometry assay. The cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay detected the frequency of binucleated cells (BN) with micronucleus (MNi), to indicate genetic damage induced by head lice treatments.Results: Tea Tree Oil (TTO), Pure Lavender oil and Pyrethrum did induce significant cytotoxicity. Also, they enhanced both early apoptosis and late apoptosis/necrosis. However, two head lice treatments, Permethrin (Lice Breaker) and Maldison (Malathion) (KP24) did not induce cytotoxicity. Early apoptosis and necrosis were observed in Permethrin treatment and late apoptosis and early necrosis were measured in Maldison (Malathion) (KP24). Moreover, Permethrin (Lice Breaker) and Maldison (Malathion) (KP24) induced micronuclei (MNi) at a frequency significantly higher (range=15-25 MNi/1000 binucleated cells, n=3) than the background frequency (media alone control; MNi range= 6 MNi /1000 binucleated cells, n=3). Conclusion:This study indicates that exposure to chemical based head lice treatments enhanced cell death by both early apoptosis and late apoptosis/necrosis also induced chromosomal damage in human skin cells.

Encapsulation of Cadmium Selenide Nanocrystals in Biocompatible Nanotubes: DFT Calculations, X‐ray Diffraction Investigations, and Confocal Fluorescence Imaging

“…Fluorescent SWNTsh ave recently been employedt ob uild sensor arrays capable of detecting protein efflux from microorganismsa nd synthetic scaffoldsf or biosensing devices. [15] Therefore, in ordert os tudy the functionality,b iocompatibility, and cell toxicity of our hybrid material 3,s tandard cell proliferation assays such as MTT [16,17] and crystal violet [18][19][20] assays were carriedo ut by using humanp rostate cancer( PC-3) and healthyh uman dermal fibroblasts (FEK4) cell lines. PC-3 and FEK4 cells werei ncubated with the hybrid material 3 (glu-can@CdSe[CdSe@SWNTs]), CdSe[CdSe@SWNTs] composites, and b-d-glucan for 48 ha t3 78Cu nder normoxia( 21 %O 2 and 5% CO 2 ,F igure 14) and induced acute hypoxia conditions using standardC oCl 2 .6 H 2 Ob ased assays [20][21][22] (Figure 15).…”

Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Beauty Products on Human Skin Cells In Vitro

“…Green or botanical products are not well regulated by government agencies. There is advice to avoid products that use essential oils such as lavender oil or tea tree oil that are classified as hormone disruptors [32,33].…”

Calendula officinalis Protection Against Cytotoxicity Effects of Personal Care Products on HaCaT Human Skin Cells

“…The toxicity at the higher doses of calendula extracts that has been found in this study needs to be translated into a recommendation for use of calendula extract on human skin. Head lice treatments can induce cell killing act as apoptosis or necrosis [7]. Figure 2 showed the toxicity results of personal care products on HaCaT human skin cells.…”

“…The other use of the Calendula plant includes treatment for first degree burns and rashes [6]. However, chemical head lice treatments and chemical beauty products can induce toxicity and genotoxicity in human skin cells [7]. The hypothesis is that personal care products such as chemical head lice treatments and beauty products induce toxicity effects by producing oxidative stress in human skin cells.…”