Genetic control of T-lymphocyte mitogenesis in chickens

Morrow, Phillip R.; Abplanalp, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf00350785

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, because this association is unlikely to reflect a direct involvement of MHC molecules in the physiological processes elicited by PHA (Licastro et al 1993;Bonneaud et al 2005), the pattern we detected here could also result if other genes have stronger effects on this trait. In accordance with this hypothesis, responsiveness to PHA has been found to involve genes that are not tightly linked to the Mhc (Gasser et al 1978;Morrow & Abplanalp 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Mhcpolymorphisms fail to explain the heritability of phytohaemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in a wild passerine

et al. 2009

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Genetic estimates of the variability of immune responses are rarely examined in natural populations because of confounding environmental effects. As a result, and because of the difficulty of pinpointing the genetic determinants of immunity, no study has to our knowledge examined the contribution of specific genes to the heritability of an immune response in wild populations. We cross-fostered nestling house sparrows to disrupt the association between genetic and environmental effects and determine the heritability of the response to a classic immunological test, the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced skin swelling. We detected significant heritability estimates of the response to PHA, of body mass and tarsus length when nestlings were 5 and 10 days old. Variation at Mhc genes, however, did not explain a significant portion of the genetic variation of nestling swelling to PHA. Our results suggest that while PHA-induced swelling is influenced by the nest of origin, the importance of additive genetic variation relative to non-additive genetic variation and the genetic factors that influence the former in wild populations still need to be identified for this trait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Mhcpolymorphisms fail to explain the heritability of phytohaemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in a wild passerine

et al. 2009

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“…This likely results, at least in part, from the fact that both these responses are indexes of the ability of T-lymphocytes to proliferate upon activation by mitogens and were measured by the same assay; however, this might not be the whole story. Responses to PHA and ConA are not always correlated in chickens (e.g., Morrow and Abplanalp 1981), suggesting that these mitogens might activate different (independent) subsets of the T-lymphocyte population. Indeed, although our data show that these responses are positively correlated among adult female tree swallows, the ontogeny of these responses in tree swallow nestlings appears to be uncoupled, with development of the PHA response lagging behind that of the ConA response ), a phenomenon that has also been documented in poultry (Suresh et al 1993).…”

Section: Can a Single Immune Measure Provide An Adequate Index To A Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelations among Immune Defense Indexes Reflect Major Components of the Immune System in a Free-Living Vertebrate

Palacios¹,

Cunnick²,

Winkler³

et al. 2012

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Understanding the relationships among immune components in free-living animals is a challenge in ecoimmunology, and it is important not only for selecting the immune assays to be used but also for more knowledgeable interpretation of results. In this study, we investigated the relationships among six immune defense indexes commonly used by ecoimmunologists and measured simultaneously in individual free-living tree swallows. Three main axes of variation in immune function were identified using a principal components analysis, representing variation in T-cell, B-cell, and innate immunity. Measures within each axis tended to be positively correlated among individuals, while measures in different axes were uncorrelated. A trade-off between T-cell function and B-cell function became apparent only when variation among individuals in body condition, age, and general quality was taken into account. Interestingly, the level of natural antibodies, a component of innate immunity, showed the strongest association with components of acquired B-cell function, possibly reflecting a common underlying genetic mechanism, as has been documented in poultry. Our results indicate that despite the complexity of the immune system, important insights can be gained by using the currently available assays but in a more comprehensive approach than has generally been used in the field of ecoimmunology. Disciplines Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology | Zoology Comments This article is from ABSTRACTUnderstanding the relationships among immune components in free-living animals is a challenge in ecoimmunology, and it is important not only for selecting the immune assays to be used but also for more knowledgeable interpretation of results. In this study, we investigated the relationships among six immune defense indexes commonly used by ecoimmunologists and measured simultaneously in individual free-living tree swallows. Three main axes of variation in immune function were identified using a principal components analysis, representing variation in T-cell, B-cell, and innate immunity. Measures within each axis tended to be positively correlated among individuals, while measures in different axes were uncorrelated. A trade-off between T-cell function and B-cell function became apparent only when variation among individuals in body condition, age, and general quality was taken into account. Interestingly, the level of natural antibodies, a component of innate immunity, showed the strongest association with components of acquired B-cell function, possibly reflecting a common underlying genetic mechanism, as has been documented in poultry. Our results indicate that despite the complexity of the immune system, important insights can be gained by using the currently available assays but in a more comprehensive approach than has generally been used in the field of ecoimmunology.

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“…Lassila et ah, (1979), reporting on two inbred lines that differed in PHA but not in con-A response, suggested a multigenetic control; they found no evidence of sex influence or linkage to the MHC locus. Recently, however, Morrow and Abplanalp (1981) suggested that the difference in Con-A response in chickens was controlled by at least two major genes, one of which may be linked to the MHC complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ontogeny and Line Differences in the Mitogenic Response of Chicken Lymphocytes

Lee

Bacon

1983

Poultry Science

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Ontogeny of mitogen response was studied using Regional Poultry Research Laboratory lines 6 and 7 and Cornell lines JM-N and -P chickens over a 30-week experimental period. Purified lymphocyte assay and sequential monitoring with whole-blood assay show lines 6 and N to be low responders compared to lines 7 and P, respectively. The difference in phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response between lines 6 and 7 increased with age, whereas that between lines N and P remained consistent for all ages. An association seems to exist between the low PHA responsiveness of lines 6 and N and resistance to Marek's disease (MD), a lymphoproliferative disease caused by MD virus in susceptible chickens. The fact that lines 6 and 7 have the same B2-haplotype but differ in PHA response seems to substantiate the evidence by others that the genetic control of PHA response is not linked to the Ea-B locus of the MHC complex. This does not preclude, however, the possibility that the response of lines N and P is MHC-linked.

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Genetic control of T-lymphocyte mitogenesis in chickens

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Mhcpolymorphisms fail to explain the heritability of phytohaemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in a wild passerine

Mhcpolymorphisms fail to explain the heritability of phytohaemagglutinin-induced skin swelling in a wild passerine

Interrelations among Immune Defense Indexes Reflect Major Components of the Immune System in a Free-Living Vertebrate

Ontogeny and Line Differences in the Mitogenic Response of Chicken Lymphocytes

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