Genetic control of gibberellin metabolism and signalling in crop improvement

Phillips, Andrew L.

doi:10.1002/9781119210436.ch13

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The examination of LMA phenotypes in lines differing for Rht-1 genotype raised the possibility that there are Rht -dependent and Rht -independent mechanisms governing LMA. Most modern wheat varieties carry one of the two semi-dominant semi-dwarfing alleles, Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b (reviewed by Phillips, 2016). These alleles are GA-insensitive mutations in the wheat DELLA gene, resulting in decreased plant height through reduced GA hormone signalling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetics of late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in North American spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

et al. 2021

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Genetic susceptibility to late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) results in increased alpha-amylase activity in mature grain when cool conditions occur during late grain maturation. Farmers are forced to sell wheat grain with elevated alpha-amylase at a discount because it has an increased risk of poor end-product quality. This problem can result from either LMA or preharvest sprouting, grain germination on the mother plant when rain occurs before harvest. Whereas preharvest sprouting is a well-understood problem, little is known about the risk LMA poses to North American wheat crops. To examine this, LMA susceptibility was characterized in a panel of 251 North American hard spring wheat lines, representing ten geographical areas. It appears that there is substantial LMA susceptibility in North American wheat since only 27% of the lines showed reproducible LMA resistance following cold-induction experiments. A preliminary genome-wide association study detected six significant marker-trait associations. LMA in North American wheat may result from genetic mechanisms similar to those previously observed in Australian and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) germplasm since two of the detected QTLs, QLMA.wsu.7B and QLMA.wsu.6B, co-localized with previously reported loci. The Reduced height (Rht) loci also influenced LMA. Elevated alpha-amylase levels were significantly associated with the presence of both wild-type and tall height, rht-B1a and rht-D1a, loci in both cold-treated and untreated samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetics of late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in North American spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

et al. 2021

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“…Gibberellin is commonly used in agriculture, horticulture, and floriculture globally to improve crop yield and product quality (Phillips, 2018). In the present study, we used transcriptomic approaches to study shoot growth and the activity of sugarcane genes as affected by GA treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Activity of Genes Associated With Photosynthesis, Phytohormone Metabolism and Cell Wall Synthesis Is Involved in Gibberellin-Mediated Sugarcane Internode Growth

et al. 2020

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Internode elongation is an important trait in sugarcane as it affects the sugarcane yield. Gibberellin (GA) is a key modulator of internode elongation in sugarcane. Understanding the gene expression features of GA-mediated internode elongation has both scientific and practical significance. This study aimed to examine the transcriptomic changes in the internode elongation of sugarcane following GA treatment. Eighteen cDNA libraries from the internode tissues on days of 0, 3, and 6 in control and GA treatment groups were sequenced and their gene expression were studied. RNAseq analysis revealed 1,338,723,248 reads and 70,821 unigenes from elongating internodes of sugarcane. Comparative studies discovered a large number of transcripts that were differentially expressed in GA-treated samples compared to the control. Further analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the metabolic process, one-carbon compound transport, and single-organism process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway annotation showed significant enrichment in photosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, indicating its involvement in internode elongation. The function analysis suggested that metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormones, and cell wall components were enriched in the internodes of the GA-treated plants. The hub genes were identified, with the function of cellulose synthesis. The results of this study provide a global view of mRNA changes during sugarcane internode elongation and extend our knowledge of the GA-mediated cellular processes involved in sugarcane stem growth.

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“…By contrast, the application of GAs in agriculture and horticulture developed rapidly with their availability from fungal cultures, with major uses in the production of seedless grapes, to improve skin finish in apples, and many other applications ( Rademacher 2015 ). Furthermore, inhibitors of GA biosynthesis found important applications as plant growth retardants ( Rademacher 2000 ), while semidwarf varieties of major crop species that were key contributors to the Green Revolution were later shown to be defective in GA biosynthesis or action ( Phillips 2016 ). In the last 30 years, with the use of mutants and developments in molecular genetics and genomics, progress in our understanding of both GA metabolism and signaling has accelerated, with details emerging on the biosynthetic reactions, enzymes, genes, and their regulation as well as GA perception and signal transduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highlights in gibberellin research: A tale of the dwarf and the slender

Shani,

Hedden,

Sun

2024

Plant Physiology

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It has been almost a century since biologically active gibberellin (GA) was isolated. Here, we give a historical overview of the early efforts in establishing the GA biosynthesis and catabolism pathway, characterizing the enzymes for GA metabolism, and elucidating their corresponding genes. We then highlight more recent studies that have identified the GA receptors and early GA signaling components (DELLA repressors and F-box activators), determined the molecular mechanism of DELLA-mediated transcription reprogramming, and revealed how DELLAs integrate multiple signaling pathways to regulate plant vegetative and reproductive development in response to internal and external cues. Finally, we discuss the GA transporters and their roles in GA-mediated plant development.

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Genetic control of gibberellin metabolism and signalling in crop improvement

Cited by 7 publications

References 96 publications

The genetics of late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in North American spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The genetics of late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) in North American spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Enhanced Activity of Genes Associated With Photosynthesis, Phytohormone Metabolism and Cell Wall Synthesis Is Involved in Gibberellin-Mediated Sugarcane Internode Growth

Highlights in gibberellin research: A tale of the dwarf and the slender

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