Genetic Control of a Biochemical Mechanism for Mite Resistance in Geraniums

Craig, Robert J.; Mumma, Ralph O.; Gerhold, David; Winner, Beate; Snetsinger, Robert

doi:10.1021/bk-1986-0296.ch014

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The pest resistance mediated by glandular trichomes of zonal geranium has been studied extensively using two highly inbred lines (one pest-resistant and the other pest-susceptible) (reviewed in ref 8) and has been reported to be effective against small pests such as spider mites (4,9,10) and aphid (11,12). The tall glandular trichomes found on all aerial tissues of zonal geranium (with the exception of flower petals) have been shown to produce AnAc (Figure 1) (4,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The secretion of AnAc from glandular trichomes of zonal geranium acts as a physical barrier or "sticky trap" to impede pest movement, thereby reducing feeding and oviposition behavior (18). In addition, AnAc functions as a toxin toward arthropods (9). The production of the AnAc 22:1 ω5 and AnAc 24:1 ω5 has been found to be conditioned by a single dominant Mendelian trait (10) that encodes the ∆9 14:0-ACP fatty acid desaturase gene (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioactivity of Anacardic Acid against Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) Larvae

Schultz

Olsen

Cobbs

et al. 2006

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Anacardic acid (2-hydroxy-6-alkylbenzoic acid) produced and secreted from glandular trichomes of zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum; Geraniaceae family) provides resistance to small pests (aphids and spider mites). To assess the potential bioactivity of anacardic acid against larger insect pests and to determine if an alternate mode of application (ingestion rather than the topical application) could impart resistance to pests, the effects of anacardic acid consumption on the development of Colorado potato beetle larvae were tested. Analysis of dose-response curves indicated a significant effect on weight gain and mortality. Assessment of food preference (treated versus untreated) indicated larvae avoid food containing anacardic acid and have a lower feeding rate on food containing anacardic acid. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that anacardic acid, applied as a chemical spray or through bioengineering production in crop plants, may provide a new tool in the arsenal to minimize damage to plants caused by pests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of Anacardic Acid against Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) Larvae

Schultz

Olsen

Cobbs

et al. 2006

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Zonal geraniums possess glandular trichomes that secrete a viscous, sticky exudate (Gerhold et al, 1984). This exudate, which seems to act in part as a sticky trap, but also possesses toxic and physiological properties (Gerhold et al, 1984;Grazzini et al, 1992), is composed of anacardic acids and has been suggested as the primary mechanism in two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) resistance (Gerhold et al, 1984;Craig et al, 1986;Walters et al, 1989;Mumma et al, 1993). Although most zonal geraniums are pest-resistant, some are susceptible to attack by the two-spotted spider mite, as well as other small arthropod pests (Walters et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a mite bioassay to evaluate plant resistance and its use in determining regeneration of spider mite resistance

Harman¹,

Paul

Craig³

et al. 1996

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The zonal geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum) possesses tall glandular trichomes that secrete anacardic acids, a viscous, sticky exudate which has been suggested as the primary mechanism in two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) resistance. A new bioassay was developed using small Plexiglas r cylinders as chambers for evaluating the resistance of geranium leaves to the two-spotted spider mite. This bioassay was easy to prepare, required only 24 hours to conduct, exhibited no problems with desiccation, condensation, or mite accountability, and yielded reproducible results. This bioassay was then used to study the regeneration of resistance of attached geranium leaves after they were made mite-susceptible by removing the excreted anacardic acids with water. Washed leaves regained full resistance after 14 days.

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“…Many plants are resistant to small pest species due to the presence of glandular trichomes which produce a sticky viscous exudate that impedes and ensnares the pests as they attempt to traverse the plant surface (Dimock & Kennedy, 1983;Duffey, 1986;Gregory et al, 1986;Waiters et al, 1989bWaiters et al, , 1990a. Previous work with geraniums (Pelargonium xhortorum) demonstrated that the tall glandular trichome exudate is effective against the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) and the foxglove aphid (Acyrhtosiphon solani Kaltenbach) (Gerhold et al, 1984;Craig et al, 1986;Walters et al, 1989bWalters et al, , 1990a. In resistant geraniums, the tall glandular trichome exu-date is composed primarily of C22 and C24 cis ~5 unsaturated anacardic acids (6-[(Z)-10'-pentadecenyl]-salicyclic acid (C22H3403) and (6-[ (Z)-12' -heptadecenyl ]-salicyclic acid (C24H3803) (Gerhold et al, 1984;Walters et aL, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature on glandular trichome exudate composition and pest resistance in geraniums

Walters

Harman

Craig

et al. 1991

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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One inbred geranium line (71‐18‐6) which exhibits host plant resistance to the twospotted spider mite and foxglove aphid, becomes susceptible to these pests under some temperature conditions, while another resistant line (71‐17‐7) maintains its resistance. Resistance to these pests is conferred by the presence of glandular trichomes and the exudate they produce. The tall glandular trichome exudate of resistant geraniums has been identified as chiefly C22 and C24 unsaturated anacardic acids. Plants of a resistant line, a susceptible line and the temperature sensitive resistant line were exposed to three different temperature regimes and were analyzed chemically and for resistance using a foxglove aphid bioassay. Results indicate that the loss of resistance in the temperature sensitive line is not due to reduced production of the anacardic acids which comprise the exudate. Similarly, analysis of the exudate present on the leaf exterior indicate the loss of resistance in line 18‐6 with increasing temperature is not the result of reduced translocation of the exudate to the trichome tip. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that loss of resistance in line 18‐6 with increasing temperature is the result of an increased proportion of the shorter chain (C22) anacardic acid in the trichome exudate, which reduces the viscosity of the material and causes it to flow from the trichome tips as the temperature increases. Presentation of the material as an exudate droplet at the trichome tip is apparently required for resistance.

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Genetic Control of a Biochemical Mechanism for Mite Resistance in Geraniums

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Bioactivity of Anacardic Acid against Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) Larvae

Bioactivity of Anacardic Acid against Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) Larvae

Development of a mite bioassay to evaluate plant resistance and its use in determining regeneration of spider mite resistance

Effect of temperature on glandular trichome exudate composition and pest resistance in geraniums

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