Genetic consequences of using seed mixtures in restoration: A case study of a wetland plant Lychnis flos-cuculi

Aavik, Tsipe; Edwards, Peter J.; Holderegger, Rolf; Graf, René; Billeter, Regula

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.11.004

Cited by 43 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…We used three microsatellite markers developed for L. flos-cuculi (Galeuchet et al, 2002) and three markers developed for Silene latifolia (Moccia et al, 2009), a close relative of L. floscuculi. PCR was carried out as described in Aavik et al (2012). PCR products were analysed on an ABI 3730 automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structural and functional connectivity of the grassland plant Lychnis flos-cuculi

2013

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Understanding the relationship between structural and functional connectivity is essential for successful restoration and conservation management, particularly in intensely managed agricultural landscapes. We evaluated the relationship between structural and functional connectivity of the wetland plant Lychnis flos-cuculi in a fragmented agricultural landscape using landscape genetic and network approaches. First, we studied the effect of structural connectivity, such as geographic distance and various landscape elements (forest, agricultural land, settlements and ditch verges), on gene flow among populations as a measurement of functional connectivity. Second, we examined the effect of structural graph-theoretic connectivity measures on gene flow among populations and on genetic diversity within populations of L. flos-cuculi. Among landscape elements, forests hindered gene flow in L. flos-cuculi, whereas gene flow was independent of geographic distance. Among the structural graphtheoretic connectivity variables, only intrapopulation connectivity, which was based on population size, had a significant positive effect on gene flow, that is, more gene flow took place among larger populations. Unexpectedly, interpopulation connectivity of populations, which takes into account the spatial location and distance among populations, did not influence gene flow in L. flos-cuculi. However, higher observed heterozygosity and lower inbreeding was observed in populations characterised by higher structural interpopulation connectivity. This finding shows that a spatially coherent network of populations is significant for maintaining the genetic diversity of populations. Nevertheless, lack of significant relationships between gene flow and most of the structural connectivity measures suggests that structural connectivity does not necessarily correspond to functional connectivity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structural and functional connectivity of the grassland plant Lychnis flos-cuculi

2013

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“…Although non-local seed sources may be maladapted to local conditions at restoration sites (Hufford and Mazer 2011), commercial seeds can be expected to outperform local seeds under garden conditions due to unintentional selection to homogenous garden conditions (Brütting et al 2012). Agricultural settings impose natural selection that results in cultivar evolution (De Wet and Harlan 1975, Ensslin et al 2011, Brütting et al 2012, Aavik et al 2012) and these evolutionary changes are sometimes maladaptive to establishment and persistence in non-cultivated systems ( Aavik et al 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Patterns of Population Differentiation in Early Traits of Development in Elymus glaucus: Implications for Restoration

Fonseca

Espeland

Baxter

2014

Ecological Restoration

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Restoration of native plant communities is a foundational practice in restoration ecology, but land managers and biologists don't often take into account the role of intraspecific variation in establishment of restoration seedings. Although ecologists have known for decades that lack of adaptation to local conditions may interfere with the success of ecological restoration, there is little information about the extent to which species demonstrate adaptive divergence among populations. If adaptive divergence occurs for early establishment, knowing which populations have better germination and early growth can maximize restoration performance. Restoration of California grassland requires species establishment in both riparian and upland habitats. To what degree does local adaptation to these habitats influence early growth traits? In this study, we compared time to germination and early growth rate of riparian, upland, and commercial seed sources of blue wild rye (Elymus glaucus) under contrasting water regimes in a controlled environment. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) plants grown from commercial seeds will outperform plants grown from locally-collected seeds under controlled conditions; and 2) plants will demonstrate local adaptation by high performance of riparian sources under high water treatments and high performance of upland sources under low water treatments. We saw no evidence of local adaptation but did observe population differentiation. Time to germination was significantly shorter for upland seeds. In addition, the rate of shoot growth for upland plants was significantly higher than riparian or commercial plants. Understanding if sourcing from similar microhabitats is more important than sourcing from nearby populations will allow us to develop more successful restoration seedings.

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“…More research is needed to evaluate whether further life-history strategies, such as flower phenology, plant performance, and genetic diversity (Aavik et al 2012) are negatively affected both by RSP and SSP of native plant species. Further studies should evaluate the (presumably species-specific) number of generations that can be propagated without occurrence of strong selection effects and whether frequent replenishment of propagation stocks with new seed collections from wild populations is an appropriate method to minimize unintentional selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Effects of a Regionalized Seed Production on the Germination Behavior of Wild Plant Species

Schröder

Graf²,

Jochum³

et al. 2013

Ecological Restoration

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Cultivated varieties of native plants are increasingly used for restoration. Life-history traits which are acquired by natural selection in wild plants, like germination, are likely changed when plants are cultivated. Altered life-history traits in introduced cultivated varieties may result in the reduction of long-term viability or enhance their invasion potential. Standard seed production (SSP) frequently uses native seeds from distant provenances and these seeds are cultivated for numerous generations. A regionalized seed production (RSP) aims to preserve wild life-history traits. In this study we compared the germination rates of (a) declared wild seeds (F0) and their subsequent propagated generation (F1) from RSP, (b) seeds derived from SSP methods, and (c) seeds collected from the wild in order to test whether RSP methods preserve natural germination rates. We tested the germination behavior of Plantago lanceolata and Lotus corniculatus, two species frequently used in re-vegetation. F0-seeds of both species from RSP did not differ in germination behavior from wild seeds. Cultivated varieties from SSP germinated significantly faster and had a higher total germination for both species. While F1-seeds of P. lanceolata did not differ from their F0-seeds, F1-seeds of L. corniculatus germinated significantly faster and were more abundant than their F0-seeds. Whereas RSP methods seemed to preserve natural germination behavior in P. lanceolata, we observed unintended selection against seed dormancy and slow germinating seeds during propagation of L. corniculatus. Applying appropriate methods in all parts of harvesting and propagation activities (e.g. scarification) is important to preserve life-history traits of wild populations for restoration activities.

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Genetic consequences of using seed mixtures in restoration: A case study of a wetland plant Lychnis flos-cuculi

Cited by 43 publications

References 66 publications

The structural and functional connectivity of the grassland plant Lychnis flos-cuculi

The structural and functional connectivity of the grassland plant Lychnis flos-cuculi

Patterns of Population Differentiation in Early Traits of Development in Elymus glaucus: Implications for Restoration

Testing the Effects of a Regionalized Seed Production on the Germination Behavior of Wild Plant Species

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