Genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions

Martínez-Herrero, M.C.; Sansano-Maestre, José; Márquez, I. López; Obón, Elena; Ponce, Carlos; González, Javier; Garijo-Toledo, María Magdalena; Gómez-Muñoz, María Teresa

doi:10.1080/03079457.2014.967660

Cited by 36 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…European populations of this species have undergone a sustained decline in the last decades, and trichomonosis has been suggested as contributing for this decline (8, 15, 16). The prevalence we determined in other species are comparable to those reported in the literature: 34–70% in Wood pigeon throughout Europe (8, 13, 14, 47) and 45–79% in Rock doves in Spain (5, 14).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Columbiformes are maintenance hosts for T. gallinae and the Rock dove ( Columba livia ) is considered the natural host of this pathogen (3). All species of Columbiformes occurring in Europe have been shown to harbor endemic Trichomonas gallinae infection (8, 13, 14). Particularly the Turtle dove ( Streptopelia turtur ) was shown to be heavily infected by Trichomonas gallinae (8, 15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trichomonas Infection in a Community of Free-Ranging Domestic and Wild Columbiformes and Bonelli's Eagle (Aquila fasciata)

Santos

Jambas²,

Monteiro

et al. 2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Trichomonas gallinae is a pathogen of conservation relevance, whose main maintenance hosts are Columbiformes, but spillover to avian predators has been described. The goal of this study was to characterize the epidemiology of Trichomonas spp. in a community of free-ranging domestic and wild Columbiformes and an endangered predator, Bonelli's eagle Aquila fasciata . We surveyed 253 live-captured Rock doves, 16 nestling Bonelli's eagles and 41 hunted Columbiformes. Oro-esophageal swabs were incubated in culture media and Trichomonas spp. isolated from Bonelli's eagle (6.3%, CI 95 1.1-28.3), Turtle dove Streptopelia turtur (56.3%, CI 95 39.3–71.8), Wood pigeon Columba palumbus (83.3%, CI 95 43.7–97.0) and Rock dove Columba livia (68.4%, CI 95 62.4–73.8). Infected Rock doves showed significantly poorer body condition than uninfected ones ( p = 0.022). From a subset of 32 isolates, 18S and ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 rRNA genes were sequenced and Maximum-Likelihood trees inferred. Four ribotypes of Trichomonas spp. were identified. In this study area Trichomonas spp. seem to persist in a multi-host system involving several species of Columbiformes. Conservation actions aimed at increasing the availability of trophic resources for Bonelli's eagles through Rock dove restocking should consider the risk of pathogen transmission and of introduction of alien strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonas Infection in a Community of Free-Ranging Domestic and Wild Columbiformes and Bonelli's Eagle (Aquila fasciata)

Santos

Jambas²,

Monteiro

et al. 2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Several genotypes of T . gallinae have been described in distinct studies, employing different nomenclature [2–6]. In addition, the occurrence of new or tentative species has been reported, some of them associated with particular avian hosts [2, 5, 7–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane associated proteins of two Trichomonas gallinae clones vary with the virulence

et al. 2019

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Oropharyngeal avian trichomonosis is mainly caused by Trichomonas gallinae, a protozoan parasite that affects the upper digestive tract of birds. Lesions of the disease are characterized by severe inflammation which may result in fatality by starvation. Two genotypes of T. gallinae were found to be widely distributed in different bird species all over the world. Differences in the host distribution and association with lesions of both genotypes have been reported. However, so far no distinct virulence factors of this parasite have been described and studies might suffer from possible co-infections of different genotypes. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the virulence capacity of seven clones of the parasite, established by micromanipulation, representing the two most frequent genotypes. Clones of both genotypes caused the maximum score of virulence at day 3 post-inoculation in LMH cells, although significant higher cytopathogenic score was found in ITS-OBT-Tg-1 genotype clones at days 1 and 2, as compared to clones with ITS-OBT-Tg-2. By using one representative clone of each genotype, a comparative proteomic analysis of the membrane proteins enriched fraction has been carried out by a label free approach (Data available via ProteomeXchange: PXD013115). The analysis resulted in 302 proteins of varying abundance. In the clone with the highest initial virulence, proteins related to cell adhesion, such as an immuno-dominant variable surface antigen, a GP63-like protein, an armadillo/beta-catenin-like repeat protein were found more abundant. Additionally, Ras superfamily proteins and calmodulins were more abundant, which might be related to an increased activity in the cytoskeleton re-organization. On the contrary, in the clone with the lowest initial virulence, larger numbers of the identified proteins were related to the carbohydrate metabolism. The results of the present work deliver substantial differences between both clones that could be related to feeding processes and morphological changes, similarly to the closely related pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis.

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“…Significant impacts to raptor populations from avian trichomonosis have not yet been documented; however, certain raptor species that provision chicks with doves and pigeons have experienced high infection rates and mortality (Boal, 1997, Cooper and Petty, 1988, Real et al., 2000). Interestingly, raptors that opportunistically feed on birds may be at a higher risk of developing upper digestive tract lesions than raptors that regularly eat birds (Martinez-Herrero et al., 2014). Since band-tailed pigeon mortality events typically occur in the winter, the risk of infection is highest for adult spotted owls during this time, and potentially even the California threatened great gray owl ( S. nebulosa ) given their range overlap with band-tailed pigeons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian trichomonosis in spotted owls ( Strix occidentalis ): Indication of opportunistic spillover from prey

Rogers

Girard

Woods

et al. 2016

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Avian trichomonosis, caused by the flagellated protozoan parasite Trichomonas gallinae, has variable pathogenicity among bird species ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease periodically manifesting in epidemic mortality. Traditionally, columbids are identified as highly susceptible to infection with occasional spillover into raptors that prey on infected birds. We identified avian trichomonosis in two dead California spotted owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) and three dead northern spotted owls (S. o. caurina) in California during 2011–2015; infection was confirmed in four owls by PCR. Pathologic lesions associated with trichomonosis in the owls included caseonecrotic lesions of the upper palate accompanied by oropharyngitis, cellulitis, myositis, and/or sinusitis. Spotted owls are known to mainly feed on small mammals; therefore, the source of infection as well as the significance of the disease in spotted owls is unclear. These owl trichomonosis cases coincided temporally and spatially with three trichomonosis epidemics in band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata monilis). The same parasite, T. gallinae subtype A2, was isolated from the spotted owls and band-tailed pigeons, suggesting the owls became infected when opportunistically feeding on pigeons during mortality events. Avian trichomonosis is an important factor in the decline of the Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeon population with near-annual mortality events during the last 10 years and could have conservation implications for raptor species at risk, particularly those that are facing multiple threats.

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Genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Trichomonas Infection in a Community of Free-Ranging Domestic and Wild Columbiformes and Bonelli's Eagle (Aquila fasciata)

Trichomonas Infection in a Community of Free-Ranging Domestic and Wild Columbiformes and Bonelli's Eagle (Aquila fasciata)

Membrane associated proteins of two Trichomonas gallinae clones vary with the virulence

Avian trichomonosis in spotted owls ( Strix occidentalis ): Indication of opportunistic spillover from prey

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