Genetic Characterization of Flowering Cherries (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) Using rp116-rp114 Spacer Sequences of Chloroplast DNA

Abstract

Genetic variations among flowering cherries (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) were analyzed by spacer sequences between ribosomal protein L16 (rpl16) and ribosomal protein L14 (rpl14) genes of chloroplast DNA, these sequences were named plastid subtype ID (PS-ID), by using a total of 40 individuals from 11 species and 3 cultivars. Nucleotide sequences of ca. 420 bp were identified as part of rpl16 gene and PS-ID regions. One mutation site was found in partial nucleotide sequences of rpl16 gene. Five different A-repeat types were found at PS-ID region, which were denoted as 9A-T-10A, 10A-T-9A, 13A, 14A, and 15A, respectively. One base change also existed in the downstream of A-repeat. Many individuals (20/22) in species that originated from Japan, except for P. pendula f. ascendens, were 14A type, whereas all 9 individuals of P. pendula f. ascendens were 10A-T-9A type. Therefore, the maternal line of cultivars related to P. pendula f. ascendens can be revealed by the analysis of PS-ID region. In addition, P. pendula f. ascendens differs from other Japanese taxa based on morphological traits. The difference is supported from the nucleotide sequences of PS-ID in this study. The A-repeat types of cultivars, i.e., 'Someiyoshino', 'Ichiharatoranoo', and 'Shirotae', were 10A-T-9A type, 14A type, and 14A type, respectively, which suggests that the female parent of the 'Someiyoshino' was P. pendula f. ascendens. The results of 'Ichiharatoranoo' and 'Shirotae' analyses were not contradictory to the morphological taxonomy. PS-ID region was highly variable and useful for evaluating genetic variation and elucidating the origin of cultivars.

Genetic relationships in the genus Gentiana based on chloroplast DNA sequence data and nuclear DNA content

“…So, in addition, we analyzed the rpl16 coding region and the rpl16-rpl14 IGS, which was proposed as a plastid subtype ID (PS-ID) for discrimination of plastid subtypes in higher plants (Nakamura et al 1997). The PS-ID sequence has practically been used to evaluate genetic variation in different cultivars of rice (Ishikawa et al 2002) and flowering cherries (Ohta et al 2006), due to the variable rpl16-rpl14 IGS sequence. However, to our knowledge, no detailed study of Gentiana species except G. scabra (Nakamura et al 1997) using this PS-ID sequence has been determined.…”

Hybrid seedling inviability locus (HIs1) mapped on linkage group 4 of the Japanese flowering cherry, Cerasus × yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’

“…spachiana (E750) (Wilson 1916;Innan et al 1995;Ohta et al 2006) F 1 progenies in this study (Tsuruta et al 2012) Origin of Somei-yoshino Species level pseudo-backcross (P1BC1) Fig. 1 Previously reported origin of Cerasus×yedoensis 'Someiyoshino' (Wilson 1916;Innan et al 1995;Ohta et al 2006) and our mapping strategy of Bspecies level backcross^of P1BC 1 analysis for fitness with the expected maternal or paternal segregation ratio (1:1). Maternal (CY) and paternal (E750) linkage maps were constructed using segregating SSRs, following a pseudo-testcross strategy (Grattapaglia and Sederoff 1994).…”

“…Someiyoshino is considered to be a hybrid of two wild cherry species, C. spachiana as a maternal tree and Cerasus speciosa (Koidz.) H. Ohba as the pollen donor (Wilson 1916;Innan et al 1995;Ohta et al 2006). Therefore, seedling inviability observed in F 1 progeny of CY×E750 is predicted to be a hybrid breakdown (weakness, sterility, or inviability observed in F 2 or later progeny) between ancestral C. spachiana and C. speciosa or an inbreeding depression within the species of C. spachiana.…”

“…In this progenies, CY was used as the maternal tree with E750 as the pollen donor (Tsuruta et al 2012b). Because Somei-yoshino is known as a hybrid of C. spachiana and C. speciosa (Wilson 1916;Innan et al 1995;Ohta et al 2006), the present pollination strategy (Fig. 1) appears similar to a backcross (denoted as Bspecies level backcross^).…”

Origins of traditional cultivars of Primula sieboldii revealed by nuclear microsatellite and chloroplast DNA variations

“…Ancestral species of cultivars Cultivars of ornamental plants, including several primroses, have often been produced by interspecific hybridization (Iwata et al 2000, Richards 2003, Tanaka et al 2005, Ohta et al 2006; however, it was considered that all cultivars analyzed in this study were derived from P. sieboldii only, as judged from cpDNA variation and successful PCR amplification of microsatellite loci. The cpDNA haplotypes detected in the cultivars were the same as, or closely related to, those of wild P. sieboldii, and were clearly different from those of its closely related species, P. kisoana.…”