Genetic relationships in the genus Gentiana based on chloroplast DNA sequence data and nuclear DNA content

Abstract

Genetic relationships among 50 Gentiana accessions, comprising 36 wild species and 14 cultivars, were determined based on analysis of sequence data for the chloroplast trnL(UAA) intron, the rpl16 coding region and the rpl16-rpl14 intergenic spacer (IGS), together with nuclear DNA content as determined by flow cytometric analysis. The combined chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) data set was analyzed using both neighborjoining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods. The NJ and the strict consensus trees were generally congruent with previous phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, whereas G. cachemirica and G. yakushimensis were classified in different sectional affinities from their prevailing classifications. Three major cpDNA haplotypes (designated A, B and C), comprising 30 accessions in the sections Pneumonanthe, Cruciata, and Kudoa (ser. Monanthae), were each distinguished by two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the rpl16-rpl14 IGS and the rpl16 coding region. Nuclear DNA content varied from 6.47 to 11.75 pg among the taxa possessing cpDNA haplotype A. These results provide genetic information that will assist in the development of future Gentiana breeding strategies.

Development of Simple Sequence Repeat Markers for Identification of Japanese Gentian Cultivars

“…Gentiana than to sect. Pneumonanthe based on chloroplast DNA sequence data and nuclear DNA content analyses (Mishiba et al, 2009), so our result seems to reflect the taxnomic position of G. asclepiadea based on recent molecular analysis. Some of the primers could be applied to species from other sections and, in particular, Gtm01 was transferable to all ten Gentiana species tested.…”

“…Phylogenetic and pedigree analysis of Gentiana was conducted using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the W14/ W15 alleles, encoding a member of the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily (Hikage et al, 2011). Mishiba et al (2009) …”

W14/15 esterase gene haplotype can be a genetic landmark of cultivars and species of the genus Gentiana L

“…So far, taxonomic analyses of the genus Gentiana have been carried out largely on morphological criteria. Although some recent studies have developed molecular approach (Mishiba et al 2009;Shimada et al 2009), information concerning genetic relationship between the species or between taxonomic statuses at the nuclear DNA sequence level has been less accumulated. Hence, polymorphic W14/15 gene structure provides a useful genetic landmark.…”

“…Phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (Jomori et al 2000), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (Shimada et al 2009), plastid DNA sequences Mishiba et al 2009), internal transcribed spacer sequences in nuclear ribosomal gene , and nuclear DNA contents (Mishiba et al 2009) have been reported for the genus Gentiana. However, studies on genetic relationship between species or on taxonomic status at the nuclear DNA sequence level have not extensively been done.…”

Comparison of the morphogenic potential of five Gentiana species in leaf mesophyll protoplast culture and ploidy stability of regenerated calli and plants

“…According to the literature, G. kurroo is a diploid species having 26 chromosomes (Kaur et al 2009;Yuan et al 1998), and G. tibetica is a tetraploid possessing 52 chromosomes (Mishiba et al 2009;Yuan et al 1998). In our study, the chromosome number of control plants of both species was consistent with previously reported data, and regenerants with double the amount of DNA also possessed twice the number of chromosomes.…”