Genetic Characterization of AmpC and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Phenotypes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella From Alberta Broiler Chickens

Abstract

Horizontal gene transfer is an important mechanism which facilitates bacterial populations in overcoming antimicrobial treatment. In this study, a total of 120 Escherichia coli and 62 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates were isolated from broiler chicken farms in Alberta. Fourteen serovars were identified among Salmonella isolates. Thirty one percent of E. coli isolates (37/120) were multiclass drug resistant (resistant to ≥ 3 drug classes), while only about 16% of Salmonella isolates (10/62) were multiclass drug resistant. Among those, eight E. coli isolates had an AmpC-type phenotype, and one Salmonella isolate had an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-type beta-lactamase phenotype. We identified both AmpC-type (blaCMY-2) and ESBL-type (blaTEM) genes in both E. coli and Salmonella isolates. Plasmids from eight of nine E. coli and Salmonella isolates were transferred to recipient strain E. coli J53 through conjugation. Transferable plasmids in the eight E. coli and Salmonella isolates were also transferred into a lab-made sodium azide-resistant Salmonella recipient through conjugation. The class 1 integrase gene, int1, was detected on plasmids from two E. coli isolates. Further investigation of class 1 integron cassette regions revealed the presence of an aadA gene encoding streptomycin 3’’-adenylyltransferase, an aadA1a/aadA2 gene encoding aminoglycoside 3’’-O-adenyltransferase, and a putative adenylyltransferase gene. This study provides some insight into potential horizontal gene transfer events of antimicrobial resistance genes between E. coli and Salmonella in broiler chicken production.

Effect of aromatic oils on the expression of some virulence-associated and antimicrobial resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from broilers

“…All tested E. coli isolates (100%) were positive for the int and qnr S genes. The high prevalence of the int 1 gene agrees with Ibrahim et al [ 37 ] and is lower than Tran et al [ 38 ], at 22.2%. The results of qnr S in the current study are lower than the result reported as 31.8% by Szmolka et al [ 39 ].…”

Predominance of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Supermarket Retail Seafood in Japan

“…The detection of these genes was not surprising, as they have been reported in seafood products in Japan [35] and other countries [36][37][38]. Recently, the molecular characterization of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales with a wide range of drug resistance was retrieved from marine fish [38], chicken, and chicken meat [13,39,40], suggesting a wide distribution of ESBLs. These genes were commonly identified, possibly because of plasmid transfer mechanisms, which play an important role in the rapid dissemination of mobile genetic elements, not only in humans and animals but also within the aquatic environment.…”

Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of Salmonella Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China

“…Plasmid conjugation was performed between 48 ESBL-producing isolates harboring ESBL and spv genes, and E. coli J53 AZ r using the broth method [23]. The transconjugant was selected on Trypsin soybean agar medium supplemented with ampicillin (100 µg/mL) and sodium azide (200 µg/mL), and the positive transconjugant was further confirmed by the antimicrobial susceptibility test and PCR.…”