Genetic basis of antigenic variation in foot-and-mouth disease serotype A viruses from the Middle East

Upadhyaya, Sasmita; Ayelet, Gelagay; Paul, G.; King, Donald P.; Paton, David; Mahapatra, Mana

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.102

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We also observed India as a key center of dispersal for this serotype, which coincides with previously reported results [56]. The arrival of Asia1 into Turkey in 2013 represents one of the most recent and longer dispersal events reported for this serotype, which was directly related to an Indian sub-lineage of the virus [97]. Likewise, there have been sporadic incursions into other countries such as Greece in 1984 and 2000 [78], Malaysia in 1999 [31] or Turkey in 2017 [56], whose outbreaks seemed to be caused also by independent sub-lineages from the rest of the outbreaks observed in these regions.…”

Section: Asia1 and Sat Serotypessupporting

confidence: 91%

Tracing foot-and-mouth disease virus phylogeographical patterns and transmission dynamics.

Jara

Frias-De-Diego

Dellicour

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has proven its potential to propagate across local and international borders on numerous occasions, but yet details about the directionality of the spread along with the role of the different host in transmission remain unexplored. To elucidate FMDV global spread characteristics, we studied the spatiotemporal phylodynamics of serotypes O, A, Asia1, SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3, based on more than 50 years of phylogenetic and epidemiological information. Results Our results revealed phylogeographic patterns, dispersal rates, and the role of host species in the dispersal and maintenance of virus circulation. Contrary to previous studies, our results showed that three serotypes were monophyletic (O, A, and Asia1), while all SATs serotypes did not evidence a defined common ancestor. Root state posterior probability (RSPP) analysis suggested Belgium as the country of origin for serotype O (RSPP= 0.27). India was the ancestral country for serotypes A (RSPP= 0.28), and Asia-1 (RSPP= 0.34), while Uganda appeared as the most likely origin country of all SAT serotypes (RSPP> 0.45). Furthermore, we identified the key centers of dispersal of the virus, being China, India and Uganda the most important ones. Bayes factor analysis revealed cattle as the major source of the virus for most of the serotypes (RSPP> 0.63), where the most important host-species transition route for serotypes O, A, and Asia1 was from cattle Bos taurus to swine Sus scrofa domesticus (BF>500), while, for SAT serotypes was from B. taurus to African buffalo Syncerus caffer. Conclusions This study provides significant insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of the global circulation of FMDV serotypes, by characterizing the viral routes of spread at serotype level, especially uncovering the importance of host species for each serotype in the evolution and spread of FMDV which further improve future decisions for more efficient control and eradication.

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Section: Asia1 and Sat Serotypessupporting

confidence: 91%

Tracing foot-and-mouth disease virus phylogeographical patterns and transmission dynamics.

Jara

Frias-De-Diego

Dellicour

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…More specifically, viruses collected in ICT and Karachi in 2008 and 2009 were from sublineage ESF‐10, whereas viruses collected from 2012 samples were classified as HER‐10 and FAR‐11. The wide genetic diversity of Iran‐05 viruses may result in phenotypic antigenic diversity that resulted in failure of detection with the Ag‐ELISA system (Mahapatra et al., ; Upadhyaya et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and comparison of diagnostic tests for characterization of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus strains from Pakistan 2008–2012

Ahmed

Pauszek

Ludi

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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We report the laboratory analysis of 125 clinical samples from suspected cases of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and Asian buffalo collected in Pakistan between 2008 and 2012. Of these samples, 89 were found to contain viral RNA by rRT-PCR, of which 88 were also found to contain infectious FMD virus (FMDV) by virus isolation (VI), with strong correlation between these tests (κ = 0.96). Samples that were VI-positive were serotyped by antigen detection ELISA (Ag-ELISA) and VP1 sequence acquisition and analysis. Sequence data identified FMDV serotypes A (n = 13), O (n = 36) and Asia-1 (n = 41), including three samples from which both serotypes Asia-1 and O were detected. Serotype A viruses were classified within three different Iran-05 sublineages: HER-10, FAR-11 and ESF-10. All serotype Asia-1 were within Group VII (Sindh-08 lineage), in a genetic clade that differs from viruses isolated prior to 2010. All serotypes O were classified as PanAsia-2 within two different sublineages: ANT-10 and BAL-09. Using VP1 sequencing as the gold standard for serotype determination, the overall sensitivity of Ag-ELISA to correctly determine serotype was 74%, and serotype-specific sensitivity was 8% for serotype A, 88% for Asia-1 and 89% for O. Serotype-specific specificity was 100% for serotype A, 93% for Asia-1 and 94% for O. Interestingly, 12 of 13 serotype A viruses were not detected by Ag-ELISA. This study confirms earlier accounts of regional genetic diversity of FMDV in Pakistan and highlights the importance of continued validation of diagnostic tests for rapidly evolving pathogens such as FMDV.

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“…FMDV A/Asia/Iran‐05 lineage incursions, first characterized in Iran in 2003 (Knowles et al., ), were widely spread within Iran, Turkey, Bahrain, Pakistan, Afghanistan and have caused sporadic outbreaks in other countries (Kuwait, Israel and PAT). Eleven different sublineages of this virus (Iran‐05 ARD−07 , Iran‐05 EZM−07 , Iran‐05 AFG−07 , Iran‐05 BAR−08 , Iran‐05 FAR−09 , Iran‐05 SIS−10 , Iran‐05 HER−10 , Iran‐05 ESF−10 , Iran‐05 QAZ−11 , Iran‐05 FAR−11 and Iran‐05 SIS−12 ) have been characterized, some of them are widely spread, such as Iran‐05 BAR−08 , which was reported in Israel, Lebanon, Kuwait, Iran and Iraq, while Iran‐05 ARD−07 and Iran‐05 EZM−07 have only been found in Turkey (WRLFMD, –; Upadhyaya et al., ). The different serotype A viruses circulating in Pakistan and Afghanistan have been described in detail elsewhere (Jamal et al., ).…”

Section: Endemic Pools In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Global Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from 2007 to 2014

Brito

Rodrı́guez

Hammond

et al. 2015

Transbound Emerg Dis

219

212

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus affects livestock worldwide. There are seven different serotypes, each with a diversity of topotypes, genetic lineages and strains. Some lineages have different properties that may contribute to sporadic spread beyond their recognized endemic areas. The objective of this study was to review the most significant FMD epidemiological events that took place worldwide between 2007 and 2014. Severe epidemics were caused by FMD virus (FMDV) lineage O/Asia/Mya-98 in Japan and South Korea in 2010, both previously free of disease. In India, where FMD is endemic, the most important event was the re-emergence of lineage O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 in 2008. Notably, this lineage, normally restricted to India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan, was also found in Saudi Arabia and Libya in 2013 and has caused several outbreaks in Tunisia and Algeria in 2014-2015. In January 2011, FMDV-positive wild boars were found in Bulgaria, where the disease last occurred in 1996, followed by 12 outbreaks in livestock infected with FMDV O/ME-SA/PanAsia2. In 2012, FMDV SAT2 caused outbreaks in Egypt and the Palestinian Autonomous Territories. Another significant event was the emergence of FMDV Asia1 Sindh-08 in the Middle East. In South America, one outbreak of FMDV serotype O, topotype Euro-SA was reported in Paraguay in 2011, which was recognized as FMD-free with vaccination at the time. Lessons learned from past events, point out the need for an integrated strategy that comprises coordinated global and regional efforts for FMDV control and surveillance. Specific local characteristics related to host, environment and virus that condition FMD occurrence should be carefully considered and incorporated to adapt appropriate strategies into local plans. In this review, we compiled relevant epidemiological FMD events to provide a global overview of the current situation. We further discussed current challenges present in different FMD areas.

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Genetic basis of antigenic variation in foot-and-mouth disease serotype A viruses from the Middle East

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Tracing foot-and-mouth disease virus phylogeographical patterns and transmission dynamics.

Tracing foot-and-mouth disease virus phylogeographical patterns and transmission dynamics.

Genetic diversity and comparison of diagnostic tests for characterization of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus strains from Pakistan 2008–2012

Review of the Global Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus from 2007 to 2014

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