Genetic aspects of hypertension and metabolic disease in the obstructive sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome

Prevalence of components of metabolic syndrome in pregnant women with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome

“…Repetitive occurrence of airway occlusion resulting in hypoxemia, hypercapnea and changes in intra thoracic pressure may elicit chemoreflex activation with consequent increase in sympathetic vascular tone to peripheral blood vessels. 22 In this study, there were significantly higher prevalence of increased fasting (P<0.0001) and postprandial (P=0.02) glucose levels, total cholesterol (P=0.006) and triglyceride levels (P<0.001) in the OSAHS positive cases compared to controls. The propensity of cases being below the cut off level for HDL (<50 mg/dL) as per MS diagnostic criteria is higher among cases than controls (P<0.001) Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study has shown that OSAHS is independently associated with prevalent diabetes mellitus.…”

“…Even though, there was no conclusive research on higher incidence of OSAHS on later pregnancy, several researchers reported higher prevalence of snoring in the late pregnancy. 8,22 There were no significant difference (P=0.76) in the ratio of primi and multi gravida pregnancy among cases and control. The finding concludes that the number of pregnancies is unlikely to affect the risk of getting OSAHS.…”

“…4 Pregnancy is also associated with a higher prevalence of snoring, particularly in the third trimester. 8,22 While some of the physiologic changes that accompany pregnancy (e.g. higher progesterone levels, decrease in sleep time in the supine position) may protect against OSAHS, whereas gestational weight gain, decrease in pharyngeal luminal size, and alterations in pulmonary physiology increase the tendency for disordered breathing during sleep.…”

“…higher progesterone levels, decrease in sleep time in the supine position) may protect against OSAHS, whereas gestational weight gain, decrease in pharyngeal luminal size, and alterations in pulmonary physiology increase the tendency for disordered breathing during sleep. 8,21,22 Pregnancy may be a period of particular risk for OSAHS in women. By the end of pregnancy, the sleep experience changes significantly.…”

“…24,29 Thus, early case identification during pregnancy may have implications for maternal and fetal outcomes. 8,22 Among the women with OSAHS, indicated preterm birth was more common than in the obese and normal-weight control groups. Indicated preterm births in the OSAHS group were for the following conditions:…”