Genetic Aspects of Gender Identity Development and Gender Dysphoria

Klink, Daniel; Heijer, Martin den

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7441-8_2

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The biopsychosocial origin of GD is not well understood, but current understanding suggests that a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, environmental, and developmental factors is observed in both the development and physiology of the brain 2 . Heritability studies have shown that a genetic factor could contribute to developing GD, but no convincing candidate gene has been recognized 3 . Few twin studies examining GD outcomes have revealed a possible genetic effect, but with differences in heritability or concordance rates 4–6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withdrawn: Male‐to‐female and female‐to‐male transsexual siblings with pedophilic father: A case report

Sheikhmoonesi

2024

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessageThe reported case was the fourth instance of MF‐FM transsexual non‐twin siblings, and their father had pedophilia. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether there is a genetic link between gender dysphoria (GD) and pedophilic disorder.AbstractGender dysphoria (GD) refers to a persistent incongruence between a person's experienced gender and assigned gender, causing discomfort or distress. Family studies and reports of GD co‐occurrence in a family can help clarify whether GD is a familial phenomenon. In this case report, a male‐to‐female (MTF) and female‐to‐male (FTM) transsexual sibling pair with a father with pedophilia was presented, which is a rare occurrence. More research is necessary to understand the potential genetic connection between GD and pedophilia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withdrawn: Male‐to‐female and female‐to‐male transsexual siblings with pedophilic father: A case report

Sheikhmoonesi

2024

Clinical Case Reports

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“…Medical and biological research suggests that biological indicators may surface at different periods of life for different people and across assigned sexes (Bakker, ; Klink & Den Heijer, ). Very recent studies have started isolating biological correlates of gender dysphoria, some that seem to have prenatal etiologies, and others that surface at puberty or later (Burke, Cohen‐Kettenis, Veltman, Klink, & Bakker, ).…”

Section: Challenge No 4: Gender Variance Can Emerge Throughout the Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfamily Theory: How the Presence of Trans* Family Members Informs Gender Development in Families

McGuire

Kuvalanka

Catalpa

et al. 2016

J of Family Theo & Revie

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The presence of a trans* family member can challenge existing theoretical notions about the development of gender in families. Emerging knowledge about trans* identities consolidates around 5 primary challenges to existing theoretical notions of gender: (a) non‐dimorphic sex, (b) nonbinary gender, (c) the biological and social construction of gender, (d) gender identity development, and (e) family meaning making about transgender identity. These challenges structure an examination of hetero‐ and cisnormative expectations within family theory and help unpack long‐standing tensions between essentialist and social constructionist views of gender development. This can play out in family theory through a recognition of the tension between upholding and decentering cisnormativity within families. This article pinpoints locations where current family theories require reexamination and expansion to accurately conceptualize the flexibility and variability of families with trans* members.

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“…Although gender identity is not fixed and may shift at any point in a person's life (Bakker, 2014; Jackson et al, 2022; Klink & Den Heijer, 2014; McGuire et al, 2016), gender identification and categorization in young TGD children is on pace with non‐transgender peers. Child development experts have long held that gender identification and categorization is most salient between the ages of 3 and 5 years old (Fast & Olson, 2018; Gülgöz et al, 2019; Jackson et al, 2022; Katz, 1986; Olezeski et al, 2020; Ruble et al, 2006).…”

Section: Current Landscape Of Gender and Pediatric Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of power in a triadic model of parent–child–pediatrician relationships related to early childhood gender development

Lenne,

Sun,

Klawetter

2023

J of Family Theo & Revie

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In this paper, the authors introduce the Triadic Model of Pediatric Care, an innovative conceptual framework for pediatric practice with transgender and gender diverse children. The Triadic Model of Pediatric Care consists of three experts—pediatricians, primary caregiver(s), and children—who each possess unique insights, knowledge, and decision‐making power. This model guides pediatricians to provide gender‐affirming care that acknowledges children as experts of their own experience and worthy of bodily autonomy, while also working to ensure primary caregiver(s) have the information and support necessary to provide a safe and nurturing developmental environment for their child. The authors provide a recommendation for how the Triadic Model of Pediatric Care might be applied in a pediatric healthcare setting and conclude with a summary of the model's implications, limitations, and future directions.

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Genetic Aspects of Gender Identity Development and Gender Dysphoria

Cited by 8 publications

References 111 publications

Withdrawn: Male‐to‐female and female‐to‐male transsexual siblings with pedophilic father: A case report

Withdrawn: Male‐to‐female and female‐to‐male transsexual siblings with pedophilic father: A case report

Transfamily Theory: How the Presence of Trans* Family Members Informs Gender Development in Families

An examination of power in a triadic model of parent–child–pediatrician relationships related to early childhood gender development

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