Genetic and environmental variation of foliar nutrient concentrations and strobilus initiation in fertilized loblolly pine seed orchard ramets

Schmidtling, R. C.

doi:10.1093/treephys/15.7-8.537

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, the differences in genetic properties of the trees and the species composition and diversity of the ectomycorrhizal associations may affect the foliar nutrition (Knight 1978, Schmidtling 1995, Baxter and Dighton 2001, Xu et al 2003, Kennedy et al 2007, Korkama-Rajala et al 2008). The selection mechanisms employed by Gremmeniella abietina in achieving successful infection of the trees are also variable, and the original foliar nutrient status of the unaffected control trees may have also been partly altered, especially in (I), over the years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

Nuorteva¹

2008

Diss. For.

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A wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, operating over different time perspectives and intensities, cause defoliation and a rapid decrease in the crown size of trees. Scleroderris canker disease [Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet] has caused widespread crown reduction and tree mortality in Scots pine in forests in Scandinavia during the last three decades. In the 1980's, attempts were made to show, on the basis of the higher foliar N and S concentrations of affected pines in the diseased area, that sulphur and nitrogen deposition predispose trees to G. abietina. Unfortunately, in many studies on defoliated trees, exceptionally high or low needle mineral nutrient concentrations are still often interpreted as one of the causes of tree injury and not, conversely, as the result. In this thesis, three different field experiments, with foliar analysis as the main study method, were conducted in order to asses the possible long-term effects of living crown reduction on the needle nutrient concentrations of Scots pine trees in southern Finland. The crown ratio and length of the living crown were used to estimate the amount of defoliation in the reduced canopies. The material for the partial studies was collected and a total of 968 foliar samples were analysed individually (15-17 elements/sample) on a total of 488 sample trees (140 diseased, 116 pruned and 232 control trees) during the years 1987-1996 in 13 Scots pine stands.All the three experiments of this thesis provided significant evidence that severe disease-induced defoliation or artificial pruning of the living branches can induce longlasting nutritional changes in the foliage of the recovering trees under the typical growing conditions for Scots pine.The foliar concentrations of all the 17 mineral nutrients/elements analysed were affected, to a varying degree, by artificial pruning during the following three years. Although Scots pine, as an evergreen conifer, is considered to have low induced chemical responses to defoliation, this study proved experimentally under natural forest conditions that severe artificial pruning or disease-induced defoliation of Scots pine trees may induce biologically significant changes in the concentrations of most of the important macro-and micronutrients, as well as of carbon, in refoliated needles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

Nuorteva¹

2008

Diss. For.

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“…When grown in water containing 500 μg g -1 B, pine needles can exceed 3,000 μg g -1 B (Lanuza 1966). Sometimes there is a trend in lower boron concentrations over time for pine needles (Schmidtling 1995;Iyer et al 2002; Figure 1; Figure 2). There are several theories to explain this decline.…”

Section: Tissue Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Fertilizing four-year-old Pinus radiata trees with 400 kg ha -1 of N had no effect on boron concentrations in needles (Olykan et al 1995). With older pines in seed orchards and plantations, N fertilization increased boron concentration in needles (McCall and Kellison 1981;Schmidtling 1995). In Pinus taeda plantations, a positive correlation (r= 0.36) existed between soil N and foliar boron concentrations (NCSFNC 1991).…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of boron in conifer and hardwood nurseries

South

2021

REFOR

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Nursery seedlings with visual boron (B) deficiencies are rare, especially for broadleaf species but they may have occurred in conifer nurseries in Florida, Oregon and the UK. Factors favoring a deficiency include high soil pH, high soil calcium and low soil moisture (i.e. withholding irrigation). Symptoms of a boron deficiency in pine include dead terminals, resin exudation from buds, dark green foliage, and terminal needles with less than 3 μg g-1 B. Chlorosis is an iron deficiency symptom but is not a boron deficiency symptom. At some nurseries (with more than 2% organic matter and more than 0.05 μg g-1 B in irrigation water), seedlings do not have a hidden hunger for B. As a result, there are no published trials that demonstrate a positive growth response from adding boron to managed nursery soils (when seedbed density is not reduced by boron). This review highlights some of the past and current uses of B in nurseries with a focus on deficiency and toxicity effects.

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“…The rate of nitrogen (N) fertilization may not affect foliar copper concentration of pine seedlings (MacDonald et al1986;Olykan and Adam 1995;Schmidtling 1995;McGuire 1998;Warren and Adams 2002) or Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) (Birchler et al 2001). Although applying 600 kg N ha -1 at a bareroot nursery did not induce a copper deficiency in pine seedlings (Dierauf 1991), irrigating pine seedlings with nitric acid (and sulfuric acid) can decrease uptake of copper (Walker and McLaughlin 1997).…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of copper in pine nurseries

South

Payne

2020

Refo

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Copper has been used by nursery managers for more than 100 years to suppress fungi and as a fertilizer for more than 50 years. Consequently, nursery seedlings with copper deficiencies are rare, especially for broadleaf species. In many nurseries, soil contains <10 μg-Cu g -1 and in greenhouse trials, pine seedlings are relatively tolerant of soil levels with 35 μg-Cu g -1 . A million bareroot pine seedlings may contain 50 to 100 g-Cu and, when soil tests indicate low copper levels, managers might apply 1 kg-Cu per million seedlings. In contrast, it may take only 15 g-Cu to produce one million containergrown seedlings. Copper fertilization is typically not required when 30 cm of applied irrigation water contains 0.1 μg-Cu g -1 (supplying 0.3 kg-Cu ha -1 ). This review highlights some of the past and current uses of copper in bareroot and container nurseries with a focus on deficiency and toxicity effects as well as the impact of various copper-based products and provides recommendations on ideal soil and foliar ranges.

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Genetic and environmental variation of foliar nutrient concentrations and strobilus initiation in fertilized loblolly pine seed orchard ramets

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

Use of boron in conifer and hardwood nurseries

Use of copper in pine nurseries

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