Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Self-Report Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Dutch Adolescents at Ages 12, 14, and 16

Grootheest, D.S. van; Bartels, Meike; Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. van; Cath, Daniëlle C.; Beekman, Aartjan T.F.; Hudziak, James J.; Boomsma, Dorret I.

doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181825abd

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…23,25 Notwithstanding, one previous study has also found higher prevalence rates among girls, similarly to our study: Van Grootheest et al assessed adolescent twins aged 12, 14, and 16 years, and found a higher prevalence of OCS in girls aged 14 (p , 0.001) and 16 years (p , 0.001); 12-year old adolescents, in turn, did not show gender differences (p = 0.54). 31 One factor that remains underinvestigated and that may potentially influence OCS and OCD findings is the role of female sex hormones. After menarche, the prevalence of females diagnosed with OCD strongly increases, suggesting a potential role of these hormones in the development of the disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder in adolescents: a population-based study

Vivan

Rodrigues

Wendt

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and disorder (OCD) among adolescents and to describe OCD characteristics according to gender. Methods: Participants were selected by cluster sampling at seven high-schools in southern Brazil. In the first stage, 2,323 students were screened for OCS; in the second stage, adolescents scoring o 21 on the OCI-R scale were individually interviewed. OCD diagnosis was established using a semistructured interview (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children: Present and Lifetime Version --K-SADS-PL).Results: The past-month estimated prevalence of OCS was 18.3%, and the point estimated prevalence of OCD, 3.3%. Girls showed higher scores (OCS: 24.8 vs. 14.4%; OCD: 4.9 vs. 1.4%; p , 0.001). Only 9.3% of OCD adolescents had been diagnosed and 6.7% received treatment. The most frequent/severe DY-BOCS dimensions were miscellaneous (86.7%; mean score 6.363.8) and symmetry (85.3%; 5.963.8). Female OCD adolescents predominantly showed depression (p = 0.032), and male adolescents, tic disorders (p = 0.006). Conclusions: OCD is underdiagnosed in adolescents, and few are treated. Future studies should investigate the relationship between OCS and the onset of OCD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder in adolescents: a population-based study

Vivan

Rodrigues

Wendt

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…In addition bivariate or multivariate twin analysis offers the opportunity of exploring whether the same genes or environmental influences are common to or influence more than one dimension. Twin studies in children and adolescents to date have not considered the multidimensional nature of OCS, making use of either short one-dimensional screening tools (Eley et al 2003;Hudziak et al 2004; van Grootheest et al 2008a) or summing the total number of items on a multidimensional OCS measure (Hur and Jeong 2008). Estimates for the influence of genetic factors in these studies range from 36 to 65% with the remaining variation in OCS generally being attributed to non-shared environmental factors (Bolton et al 2009;Eley et al 2003;Hudziak et al 2004;Hur and Jeong 2008;van Grootheest et al 2008a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Twin studies in children and adolescents to date have not considered the multidimensional nature of OCS, making use of either short one-dimensional screening tools (Eley et al 2003;Hudziak et al 2004; van Grootheest et al 2008a) or summing the total number of items on a multidimensional OCS measure (Hur and Jeong 2008). Estimates for the influence of genetic factors in these studies range from 36 to 65% with the remaining variation in OCS generally being attributed to non-shared environmental factors (Bolton et al 2009;Eley et al 2003;Hudziak et al 2004;Hur and Jeong 2008;van Grootheest et al 2008a). There is, however, some evidence to support a common environmental effect in 12 year olds when OCS are measured by the Child Behavior Checklist-Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CBCL-OCS) parental report (Hudziak et al 2004) or by the Youth Self Report-Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YSR-OCS) (van Grootheest et al 2008a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Alternative Factor Models and Heritability of the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory—Children’s Version

Moore

Smith

Shevlin

et al. 2010

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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An alternative models framework was used to test three confirmatory factor analytic models for the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Children's Version (Short LOI-CV) in a general population sample of 517 young adolescent twins (11-16 years). A one-factor model as implicit in current classification systems of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a two-factor obsessions and compulsions model, and a multidimensional model corresponding to the three proposed subscales of the Short LOI-CV (labelled Obsessions/Incompleteness, Numbers/Luck and Cleanliness) were considered. The three-factor model was the only model to provide an adequate explanation of the data. Twin analyses suggested significant quantitative sex differences in heritability for both the Obsessions/Incompleteness and Numbers/Luck dimensions with these being significantly heritable in males only (heritability of 60% and 65% respectively). The correlation between the additive genetic effects for these two dimensions in males was 0.95 suggesting they largely share the same genetic risk factors.

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“…Twin research shows that environmental factors (mainly non-shared) may play a role, alongside genetic factors, in obsessive compulsive (OC) symptom etiology [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Moreover may factors that increase the stability of OCD symptoms across time (rather than associated with symptoms at one measurement) be an independent factor and possibly particularly important in clinical samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Traumatic and Adverse Attachment Childhood Experiences are not Characteristic of OCD but of Depression in Adolescents

Ivarsson

Saavedra

Granqvist

et al. 2015

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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We investigated whether adverse attachment experience might contribute to the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We interviewed 100 adolescents, 25 each with primary OCD, depressive disorder (DD), OCD plus DD and general population controls (CTRs) using the adult attachment interview to assess attachment experiences (AEs), including traumatic and adverse AE (TAE). Adolescents with OCD, OCD+DD and DD had little evidence of secure base/safe haven parental behaviour and their childhood attachment needs judged to be rejected as compared to the controls. Overprotection was not characteristic of OCD, and parents using the child for their own needs (elevated levels of involving/role reversal) occurred only in DD, with low levels in OCD, OCD+DD and CTR. Traumatic experiences, often multiple, and/or attachment related were reported significantly more often in the DD group, and was less common in OCD+DD, CTR and particularly in the OCD group. In OCD, little TAE was reported and adverse AE were less serious and seem unlikely to contribute directly to OCD aetiology. In DD and to some degree in OCD+DD serious AE/TAE may have some etiological significance for the depressive states.

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Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Self-Report Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Dutch Adolescents at Ages 12, 14, and 16

Cited by 39 publications

References 42 publications

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder in adolescents: a population-based study

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder in adolescents: a population-based study

Alternative Factor Models and Heritability of the Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory—Children’s Version

Traumatic and Adverse Attachment Childhood Experiences are not Characteristic of OCD but of Depression in Adolescents

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