Genetic and Antigenic Analyses of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Detected in Japan

Yaegashi, Gakuji; Seimiya, Yukio; Seki, Yoshihisa; Tsunemitsu, Hiroshi

doi:10.1292/jvms.67.145

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The existence of six genetic subgroups based on G and of five based on F or N has also been established [150]. This classification showed a spatial clustering of BRSV isolates that has been confirmed by studies including isolates collected in many countries [126,154,170]. The degree of genetic variability of BRSV is limited being less than 15%, which is less than that observed within one subgroup of HRSV [105].…”

Section: Antigenic and Genetic Subgroups Of Brsvmentioning

confidence: 69%

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Valarcher¹,

2007

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-Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) belongs to the pneumovirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae and is a major cause of respiratory disease in young calves. BRSV is enveloped and contains a negative sense, single-stranded RNA genome encoding 11 proteins. The virus replicates predominantly in ciliated respiratory epithelial cells but also in type II pneumocytes. It appears to cause little or no cytopathology in ciliated epithelial cell cultures in vitro, suggesting that much of the pathology is due to the host's response to virus infection. RSV infection induces an array of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that recruit neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes to the respiratory tract resulting in respiratory disease. Although the mechanisms responsible for induction of these chemokines and cytokines are unclear, studies on the closely related human (H)RSV suggest that activation of NF-κB via TLR4 and TLR3 signalling pathways is involved. An understanding of the mechanisms by which BRSV is able to establish infection and induce an inflammatory response has been facilitated by advances in reverse genetics, which have enabled manipulation of the virus genome. These studies have demonstrated an important role for the non-structural proteins in anti-interferon activity, a role for a virokinin, released during proteolytic cleavage of the fusion protein, in the inflammatory response and a role for the SH and the secreted form of the G protein in establishing pulmonary infection. Knowledge gained from these studies has also provided the opportunity to develop safe, stable, live attenuated virus vaccine candidates.

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Section: Antigenic and Genetic Subgroups Of Brsvmentioning

confidence: 69%

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Valarcher¹,

2007

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“…Given the high sequence identity (98-100%) among the Czech strains and the importation of breeding animals from several countries including Denmark, the authors suggested animal trade as a possible transmission route. Phylogenetic analyses of BRSV have also been reported in other countries quite recently, including Poland [17], the UK [18], and Japan [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses from recent outbreaks in feedlot and dairy cattle herds

et al. 2011

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Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the major causes of bovine respiratory disease worldwide. In order to study the molecular epidemiology of the virus, samples from 30 BRSV outbreaks in cattle herds located in different parts of Sweden were collected from 2007 to 2011. The samples were analyzed by PCR, and the glycoprotein (G) gene was sequenced. BRSV was detected in outbreaks of respiratory disease in both dairy and feedlot herds most often during the winter period but also during the summer months (May to August). This indicates that circulation of the virus between herds occurs throughout the year. Comparative sequence analysis revealed a high degree (more than 94.5%) of sequence identity among the collected strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 29 out of the 30 strains formed a unique clade. Identical sequences found in herds sampled within a few months' time suggested that these herds were part of a common transmission chain. One strain from a single outbreak in a herd in southern Sweden clustered with Danish strains and showed a distant relationship to the rest of the Swedish strains. Further studies are highly warranted to clarify the inter-herd transmission routes of BRSV. Such knowledge is essential for the control of the spread of this virus between herds, regions and even countries.

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“…These observations suggested the continuous modification of the highly conserved central region of the immunodominant G protein, thus highlighting the importance of considering BRSV evolution in the rational development of vaccines [50]. Overall, this work could be considered as the foundation of modern BRSV molecular epidemiology, it has also established the basis for subsequent studies looking at the molecular epidemiological patterns of BRSV infection in different geographical regions [37,56,76,77]. …”

Section: Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution Of Brsvmentioning

confidence: 95%

Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Sarmiento-Silva

Nakamura-López²,

Vaughan

2012

Viruses

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The bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is an enveloped, negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the pneumovirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae. BRSV has been recognized as a major cause of respiratory disease in young calves since the early 1970s. The analysis of BRSV infection was originally hampered by its characteristic lability and poor growth in vitro. However, the advent of numerous immunological and molecular methods has facilitated the study of BRSV enormously. The knowledge gained from these studies has also provided the opportunity to develop safe, stable, attenuated virus vaccine candidates. Nonetheless, many aspects of the epidemiology, molecular epidemiology and evolution of the virus are still not fully understood. The natural course of infection is rather complex and further complicates diagnosis, treatment and the implementation of preventive measures aimed to control the disease. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which BRSV is able to establish infection is needed to prevent viral and disease spread. This review discusses important information regarding the epidemiology and molecular epidemiology of BRSV worldwide, and it highlights the importance of viral evolution in virus transmission.

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Genetic and Antigenic Analyses of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Detected in Japan

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial viruses from recent outbreaks in feedlot and dairy cattle herds

Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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