Genetic Analysis of brahma: The Drosophila Homolog of the Yeast Chromatin Remodeling Factor SWI2/SNF2

Elfring, Lisa; Daniel, Carla; Papoulas, Ophelia; Deuring, Renate; Sarte, Melinda; Moseley, Sarah; Beek, Shelley J.; Waldrip, W. Ross; Daubresse, Gary; DePace, Angela H.; Kennison, James A.; Tamkun, John W.

doi:10.1093/genetics/148.1.251

Cited by 175 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…BRM-K804 acts as a dominant negative mutant in developing Drosophila. Depending on its level of expression, BRM-K804 causes homeotic transformations or lethality (Elfring et al, 1998).…”

Section: Brm-k804r Traps Wt Brm Onto Polytene Chromosomes and Impedes Histone Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo analysis reveals that ATP-hydrolysis couples remodeling to SWI/SNF release from chromatin

Tilly¹,

Chalkley²,

Knaap³

et al. 2021

eLife

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ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers control the accessibility of genomic DNA through nucleosome mobilization. However, the dynamics of genome exploration by remodelers, and the role of ATP hydrolysis in this process remain unclear. We used live-cell imaging of Drosophila polytene nuclei to monitor Brahma (BRM) remodeler interactions with its chromosomal targets. In parallel, we measured local chromatin condensation and its effect on BRM association. Surprisingly, only a small portion of BRM is bound to chromatin at any given time. BRM binds decondensed chromatin but is excluded from condensed chromatin, limiting its genomic search space. BRM-chromatin interactions are highly dynamic, whereas histone-exchange is limited and much slower. Intriguingly, loss of ATP hydrolysis enhanced chromatin retention and clustering of BRM, which was associated with reduced histone turnover. Thus, ATP hydrolysis couples nucleosome remodeling to remodeler release, driving a continuous transient probing of the genome.

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“…BRM-K804 acts as a dominant negative mutant in developing Drosophila. Depending on its level of expression, BRM-K804 causes homeotic transformations or lethality (Elfring et al, 1998).…”

Section: Brm-k804r Traps Wt Brm Onto Polytene Chromosomes and Impedes Histone Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo analysis reveals that ATP-hydrolysis couples remodeling to SWI/SNF release from chromatin

Tilly¹,

Chalkley²,

Knaap³

et al. 2021

eLife

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“…Thus, Brm-based and Brg1-based complexes appear to have distinct roles in mouse development. The essential role of Brg1 during early development is reminiscent of the Drosophila brm gene, which is also essential for oogenesis and early fly development [54].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin remodeling enzymes: who's on first?

2001

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A central problem in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression is understanding how gene-specific transcriptional activators orchestrate the recruitment of the myriad proteins that are required for transcription initiation. An emerging view indicates that activators must first target two types of chromatin remodeling enzyme to the promoter region: an ATP-dependent SWI/SNF-like complex and a histone acetyltransferase. These two enzymes appear to act synergistically to establish a local chromatin structure that is permissive for subsequent events. Furthermore, several recent studies indicate that the recruitment of chromatin remodeling enzymes must follow an obligatory, sequential order of events that is determined by either promoter context or cell-cycle position. Here we review recent developments concerning the role of chromatin remodeling enzymes in gene regulation, and propose several models to explain how different chromatin remodeling activities can be functionally coupled.

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“…Bromodomains are capable of recognizing and specifically binding acetylated histones ( Chandrasekaran and Thompson, 2007 ; Shen et al., 2007 ; Awad and Hassan, 2008 ; Filippakopoulos et al., 2012 ; Morrison et al., 2017 ; Zhao et al., 2018 ) and are therefore considered major factors that enable the targeting of SWI/SNF complexes to nucleosomes enriched in epigenetic acetylation marks. Surprisingly, given this fact, mutations affecting bromodomains are in general considerably less severe than mutations in the ATPase or other major core subunits ( Elfring et al., 1998 ; Hohmann et al., 2016 ; Morrison et al., 2017 ; Ho et al., 2019 ). In accordance with this observation, Arabidopsis null mutants in BRM ATPase display a severe phenotype, including dwarfism, strong leaf curling, and sterility, whereas the brm-3 mutant, in which the BRM protein is deprived of its bromodomain, has only mild phenotypic defects ( Hurtado et al., 2006 ; Farrona et al., 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromodomain-containing subunits BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are required for proper functioning of SWI/SNF complexes in Arabidopsis

Jaronczyk

Sosnowska

Zaborowski

et al. 2021

Plant Communications

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SWI/SNF chromatin remodelers are evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complexes that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to change chromatin structure. A characteristic feature of SWI/SNF remodelers is the occurrence in both the catalytic ATPase subunit and some auxiliary subunits, of bromodomains, the protein motifs capable of binding acetylated histones. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis bromodomain-containing proteins BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are likely true SWI/SNF subunits that interact with the core SWI/SNF components SWI3C and SWP73B. Loss of function of each single BRD protein caused early flowering but had a negligible effect on other developmental pathways. By contrast, a brd triple mutation ( brdx3 ) led to more pronounced developmental abnormalities, indicating functional redundancy among the BRD proteins. The brdx3 phenotypes, including hypersensitivity to abscisic acid and the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol, resembled those of swi/snf mutants. Furthermore, the BRM protein level and occupancy at the direct target loci SCL3 , ABI5 , and SVP were reduced in the brdx3 mutant background. Finally, a brdx3 brm-3 quadruple mutant, in which SWI/SNF complexes were devoid of all constituent bromodomains, phenocopied a loss-of-function mutation in BRM. Taken together, our results demonstrate the relevance of BRDs as SWI/SNF subunits and suggest their cooperation with the bromodomain of BRM ATPase.

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Genetic Analysis of brahma: The Drosophila Homolog of the Yeast Chromatin Remodeling Factor SWI2/SNF2

Cited by 175 publications

References 82 publications

In vivo analysis reveals that ATP-hydrolysis couples remodeling to SWI/SNF release from chromatin

In vivo analysis reveals that ATP-hydrolysis couples remodeling to SWI/SNF release from chromatin

Chromatin remodeling enzymes: who's on first?

Bromodomain-containing subunits BRD1, BRD2, and BRD13 are required for proper functioning of SWI/SNF complexes in Arabidopsis

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