Genetic activity of the human carcinogen sulphur mustard towards Salmonella and the mouse bone marrow

Ashby, John; Tinwell, H.; Callander, R.D.; Clare, Nanette

doi:10.1016/0165-1110(91)90004-f

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Confirmation ofactivity forarsenite in the mousebone marrow micronucleus assay, coupledto the demonstrationby Arrouijal et al (26) ofsimiliar activity for Ni3S2 and our recent observation ofactivity inthis assay fortwo furtherhuman carcinogens [sulfur mustard (34) and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-Nnitrosourea (35)] brings the number of human carcinogens clastogenic to the rodent bone marrow to 23 (2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Arsenite as the probable active species in the human carcinogenicity of arsenic: mouse micronucleus assays on Na and K arsenite, orpiment, and Fowler's solution.

Tinwell

Stephens

Ashby

1991

Environ Health Perspect

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Sodium arsenite, potassium arsenite, and Fowler's solution (arsenic trioxide dissolved in potassium bicarbonate) are equally active in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay (approximately 10 mg/kg by IP injection). The natural ore orpiment (principally As2S3) was inactive despite blood levels of arsenic of 300 to 900 ng/mL in treated mice at 24 hr. Sodium arsenite was active in three strains of mice. It is suggested that the human lung cancer observed among arsenic ore smelters and the skin cancer among people exposed therapeutically to Fowler's solution, have, as their common origin, the genotoxic arsenite ion AsO2-. The difficulty experienced when attempting to demonstrate rodent carcinogenicity for derivatives of arsenic suggests that the bone marrow micronucleus assay may act as a useful assay for potentially carcinogenic arsenic derivatives.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Arsenite as the probable active species in the human carcinogenicity of arsenic: mouse micronucleus assays on Na and K arsenite, orpiment, and Fowler's solution.

Tinwell

Stephens

Ashby

1991

Environ Health Perspect

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“…However, in our study the appearance of atypical lymphocytes after several years may suggest a lymphoid production disorder that remained in these patients. Previous study showed that mustard-alkylating effects cause a reduction of stem cells to a critically low level and this may be due to DNA defects subsequent to mustard gas exposure (Ashby et al, 1991). Another animal study showed that leucocyte count depression occurs on days 4, 5 and 6 after exposure to mustard gas following a leucocyte elevation on day 1 (Gold and Schrarf, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Delayed haematological complications of mustard gas

Ghanei

2004

J of Applied Toxicology

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Haematopoiesis could be affected by mustard gas. We randomly selected 318 chemical victims exposed to mustard gas and compared their cell blood counts and peripheral blood smears (PBS) with those of 377 healthy men, and also various haematological indices of 57 of these victims compared with previous data 5 years ago. The average number of red blood cells and haemoglobin of victims compared with the controls was not significantly different, but they were increased compared with data from 5 years ago. White blood cell counts, neutrophils and lymphocytes did not show any clinically meaningful difference compared with the control group but 20 cases with atypical lymphocytes in their PBS have been found. Change in lymphocyte shape may be related to committed stem cell involvement. Further studies on bone marrow cells and cell markers are needed to document this hypothesis. The mild increase in erythroid cells and haemoglobin concentration may be due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and other respiratory diseases in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenite as the Probable Active Species in the Human Carcinogenicity of Arsenic: Mouse Micronucleus Assays on Na and K Arsenite, Orpiment, and Fowler's Solution

Tinwell¹,

Stephens²,

Ashby³

1991

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Sodium arsenite, potassium arsenite, and Fowler's solution (arsenic trioxide dissolved in potassium bicarbonate) are equally active in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay ( 1 10 mg/kg by IPijection). The natural ore orpment (principally AS2S3) was inactive despite blood levels of arsenic of 300 to 900 ng/mL in treated mice at 24 hr. Sodium arsenite was active in three strains ofmice. It is suggested that the human lung cancer observed among arsenic ore smelters and the skin cancer among people exposed therapeutically to Fowler's solution, have, as their common origin, the genotoxic arsenite ion AsO;-. The difficulty experienced when attempting to demonstrate rodent carcinogenicity for derivatives of arsenic suggests that the bone marrow micronucleus assay may act as a useful assay for potentially carcinogenic arsenic derivatives.

show abstract

Genetic activity of the human carcinogen sulphur mustard towards Salmonella and the mouse bone marrow

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Arsenite as the probable active species in the human carcinogenicity of arsenic: mouse micronucleus assays on Na and K arsenite, orpiment, and Fowler's solution.

Arsenite as the probable active species in the human carcinogenicity of arsenic: mouse micronucleus assays on Na and K arsenite, orpiment, and Fowler's solution.

Delayed haematological complications of mustard gas

Arsenite as the Probable Active Species in the Human Carcinogenicity of Arsenic: Mouse Micronucleus Assays on Na and K Arsenite, Orpiment, and Fowler's Solution

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