Genesis of the <i>terrae rossae</i> of the Sierra Gádor (Andalusia, Spain)

Delgado, R.; García, Juan Manuel Martín; Oyonarte, Cecilio; Delgado, Gabriel

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00510.x

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The research of the soil profile of terra rossa on Galičica [14] have determined that the clay fraction content in the Amo horizon amounts to 42.10% and in the cambic horizon (B)rz it amounts to 69.40%. It must be noted that our results on the average content of clay are completely approximate to the results of [13,15,16,17,18,19]. When it comes to the impact of the subsoil (limestone and dolomite) on the mechanical composition of the soil, care should be taken, because the soil is formed only from residual and it has the same mechanical composition in all locations on the same wall.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Mechanical Composition of the Soils Formed on Limestones and Dolomites in the Republic of Macedonia

Markoski¹,

Mitkova²,

Vasilevski³

et al. 2017

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The paper presents results from the research of the influence of the parent material on the mechanical composition of calcomelanosols, calcocambisols and terra rossa. The contents of the fine soil separates in the calcomelanosols vary depending on the subtype. The physical sand fraction (coarse sand + fine sand) in the Amo horizon amounts 44.81% in the organomineral calcomelanosols, 40.13% in the organogenic and brownised calcomelanosols 36.52%. In the (B)rz horizon in the brownised calcomelanosols it amounts 32.64%. The content of clay + silt or physical clay in the Amo horizon amounts 55.19% in the organomineral calcomelanosols, 59.87% in the organogenic and the highest content is in the brownised calcomelanosols 63.48%. The average value of this fraction in the horizon (B)rz in the brownised calcomelanosols amounts 67.36%. In the calcocambisols the average content of the fraction physical sand in the Amo horizon amounts 33.43%, and in the cambic horizon (B)rz 22.50%. In the terra rossa the fraction physical clay is represented with a greater percentage related to the physical sand fraction. In the Amo horizon, in the physical clay fraction, the clay fraction is predominant, average 43.08%, and 52.13% in the cambic horizon, and 24.90% in the Amo horizon and 19.37% in the (B)rz horizon for the silt fraction. From a research soils 36% of the soils are formed on massive limestone, 13% are formed on dolomitic limestone and bituminous marbles, 16% on plate (flat) limestone, 10% on dolomitic marbles and 12% on laminated (plate) dolomite and calcite.Key words: mechanical composition; parent material; calcomelanosols; calcocambisols; terra rossa INTRODUCTIONThe researches on the soils formed on limestones and dolomites, in the world, especially in Central and West Europe, have been taking place for a long period of time. The first soil scientist who has described these soils even before 1896 is one of the founders of the genetic pedology, the renowned Russian soil scientist [1].The knowledge of the texture of these soils has a great importance, since these soils are formed only on certain substrates (pure and compact limestones and dolomites), where all physical, physical -mechanical, chemical and biological properties greatly depend on the parent material. The mechanical composition of these soils varies extensively and depends on the mechanical composition of the residuum from which the mineral part of the soil is composed, on the character of the limestone and the dolomite (the degree of weathering and silicification), on the deposition of nearby materials (from the higher fields) and on the degree of erosion [2]. It also depends on the processes which take place within these soils during their pedogenesis and evolution, and which cause the texture differentiation.The results from the researches of [3] indicate that the hard limestones, and to a lesser extent, the dolomites, are the main parent material on which (2015) 44 terra rossa is formed with the most typical morphological, mechanical and chemical properties...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Mechanical Composition of the Soils Formed on Limestones and Dolomites in the Republic of Macedonia

Markoski¹,

Mitkova²,

Vasilevski³

et al. 2017

Contributions

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“…The soil is classified as a Lithic HaploxerollLithic Ruptic Argixeroll complex (Oyonarte, 1992). Soils are thin (0.30-0.35 m) with scattered stones at the surface and throughout the profile, and are composed predominantly of silt (40-59%) and clay (21-68%) with clay illuviation in the subsurface horizon (Delgado et al, 2003). Soil organic matter content is relatively high, ranging from 1.3 to 7.3%.…”

Section: Site Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal dynamics of soil water balance components in a karst range in southeastern Spain: estimation of potential recharge

Cantón

Villagarcı́a

Moro

et al. 2010

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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This paper analyses the temporal dynamics of soil water balance components in a representative recharge area of the Sierra de Gádor (Almeria, southeastern Spain) in two hydrological years. Two approaches are used to estimate daily potential recharge (PR): Approach 1 based on deriving PR from the water balance as the difference between measurements of rainfall (P) and actual evapotranspiration (E) obtained by eddy covariance; and Approach 2 with PR obtained from the dynamic pattern of the soil moisture (y) recorded at two depths in the site's thin soil (average 0.35 m thickess). For the hydrological year 2003/04, which was slightly drier than the 30-year average, E accounted for 64% of rainfall and occurred mainly in late spring and early summer. The PR estimated by Approach 1 was 181 AE 18 mm year -1 (36% of rainfall), suggesting an effective groundwater recharge in the study area. In the unusually dry hydrological year 2004/05, E was about 215 mm year -1 , close to the annual rainfall input, and allowing very little (8 AE 12 mm year -1 ) PR according to Approach 1. Estimation of PR based on Approach 2 resulted in PR rates lower than those found by Approach 1, because Approach 2 does not take into account the recharge that occurs through preferential flow pathways (cracks, joints and fissures) which were not monitored with the y probes. Moreover, using Approach 2, the PR estimates differed widely depending on the time scale considered: with daily mean y data, PR estimation was lower, especially in late spring, while y data at 30 min resolution yielded a more reliable prediction of the fraction of total PR resulting from the downward movement of soil water by gravity.Key words potential recharge; evapotranspiration; soil moisture; soil water balance; Mediterranean; Sierra de Gádor Dynamique temporelle des composantes du bilan hydrique du sol dans une chaine karstique du sud-est de l'Espagne: estimation de la recharge potentielle Résumé Ce travail analyse la dynamique temporelle des composantes du bilan hydrique du sol dans une zone de recharge représentative de la Sierra de Gador (Almeria, SE de l'Espagne) pendant deux années hydrologiques. Deux approches ont été utilisées pour estimer la recharge potentielle journalière (RP): dans l'approche 1, RP est calculée à partir de la différence entre les mesures de pluie (P) et d'évapotranspiration réelle (E) obtenues par la méthode de la covariance turbulente; dans l'approche 2, RP est obtenue à partir de l'humidité du sol (y) mesurée à deux profondeurs dans les sols peu profonds du site (épaisseur moyenne de 0.35 m). Pendant l'année hydrologique

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“…Cerdà (2002), in Mediterranean environments), and/or clay illuviation, also a well-known process in these environments (Ceballos et al, 2002;Cerdà, 2002;Gicheru et al, 2004;Philips, 2004;Yaalon, 1997). In fact, Delgado et al (2003) described Bt horizons in soils belonging to the same soil unit in a nearby area to the study site. In the studied hillslope, it would be expected that the increase of clay and the lower sand contents downslope at 0.06 m soil depth (Table 2) which also would go along with a higher potential contributing area, would result in higher θ values at downslope position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Vertical and lateral soil moisture patterns on a Mediterranean karst hillslope

Cantón

Rodríguez‐Caballero

Contreras³

et al. 2016

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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Abstract:The need for a better understanding of factors controlling the variability of soil water content (θ) in space and time to adequately predict the movement of water in the soil and in the interphase soil-atmosphere is widely recognised. In this paper, we analyse how soil properties, surface cover and topography influence soil moisture (θ) over karstic lithology in a sub-humid Mediterranean mountain environment. For this analysis we have used 17 months of θ measurements with a high temporal resolution from different positions on a hillslope at the main recharge area of the Campo de Dalías aquifer, in Sierra de Gádor (Almería, SE Spain). Soil properties and surface cover vary depending on the position at the hillslope, and this variability has an important effect on θ. The higher clay content towards the lower position of the hillslope explains the increase of θ downslope at the subsurface horizon throughout the entire period studied. In the surface horizon (0-0.1 m), θ patterns coincide with those found at the subsurface horizon (0.1-0.35 m) during dry periods when the main control is also exerted by the higher percentage of clay that increases downslope and limits water depletion through evaporation. However, in wet periods, the wettest regime is found in the surface horizon at the upper position of the hillslope where plant cover, soil organic matter content, available water, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K unsat ) and infiltration rates are higher than in the lower positions. The presence of rock outcrops upslope the θ sampling area, acts as runoff sources, and subsurface flow generation between surface and subsurface horizons also may increase the differences between the upper and the lower positions of the hillslope during wet periods. Both rock and soil cracks and fissures act disconnecting surface water fluxes and reducing run-on to the lower position of the hillslope and thus they affect θ pattern as well as groundwater recharge. Understanding how terrain attributes, ground cover and soil factors interact for controlling θ pattern on karst hillslope is crucial to understand water fluxes in the vadose zone and dominant percolation mechanisms which also contribute to estimate groundwater recharge rates. Therefore, understanding of soil moisture dynamics provides very valuable information for designing rational strategies for the use and management of water resources, which is especially urgent in regions where groundwater supports human consume or key economic activities.

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Genesis of the terrae rossae of the Sierra Gádor (Andalusia, Spain)

Cited by 45 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanical Composition of the Soils Formed on Limestones and Dolomites in the Republic of Macedonia

Mechanical Composition of the Soils Formed on Limestones and Dolomites in the Republic of Macedonia

Temporal dynamics of soil water balance components in a karst range in southeastern Spain: estimation of potential recharge

Vertical and lateral soil moisture patterns on a Mediterranean karst hillslope

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